History Research Paper Sample

History Research Paper Sample History Research Paper Sample Examination paper: History (Memoir worth and issue as a method of relate) Presentation Describing the past is a significant part of human endurance in discovering answers and answers for various issues. All things considered, it is significant that people consider the past as they graph their way forward as to abstain from rehashing past errors all together form a possible future, in all parts of human lives, be it social, political, or monetary perspectives. This exposition centers around two journals by two female scholars that describe past exercises that molded human predetermination altogether. The journals are Wild Swan by, Jung Chang, and Testament of Youth by Vera Britain. The Wild Swan journal depicts the Cultural Revolution that occurred in China in an account that thinks about the encounters of her grandma, her mom, and hers to clarify China’s change into the cutting edge world. In the Testament of Youth journal, Brittain centers around the impacts of the First World War on the British white collar class residents. It further features the predicament of ladies during, after the war, and in a merciful way that interests to all. The journal is given in an account way that relates the unforgiving encounters of Brittain that drove her into composing the diary as a method of communicating. The two diaries are significant authentic perspectives that uncovers the past in an enamoring way and are important in taking care of current and future issues that influence humankind. Discoveries Wild swan journal by Jung Chang was first distributed in 1991, whereby, Chang takes note of that the wild swan occasion changed his life fundamentally thinking about that it’s the book that drove him into being an essayist. Chang had for long longed for being an author, however his fantasies had been suppressed by the domineering standard of Mao, which undermined the lives of numerous essayists who endured in unending political abuses. Chang’s diary is an account of three ages of the twentieth century China featuring the then Presidents Mao’s effect of his overbearing principle in China, and addressing the encounters of females in the advanced world. Chang depicts the life of her grandma, who was a warlord courtesan; the battles that her mom experienced as a youthful optimistic socialist, and about the trials, her folks experienced during the Cultural Revolution. During the Cultural Revolution, Mao’s disappointments drove Chang’s guardians into contradicting the president’s arrangements. They were therefore focused on along with other contradicting high-positioning authorities during the upheaval. The censuring of Mao by Chang’s father made Chang’s family be presented to reprisal from Mao’s supporters. This was additionally trailed by her father’s detainment, and her family had to venture out from home. This caused Chang to lose the regard she had for Mao as she composes, to the degree that when Mao passed on, she needed to conceal her head under the shoulder of another understudy to imagine that she was lamenting. Chang left to concentrate in Britain in 1978 on an administration grant, where she discovered life there fascinating to the degree that she came to cherish her new nation so much, and particularly its separate culture. The distribution the principal book Wild Swan made Chang a big name because of her exceptional style of utilizing an individual portrayal of the lives of three ages of Chinese ladies as a method of featuring the numerous progressions her nation experienced that demonstrated incredibly fruitful. The connection of these three stories begins with Chang’s grandma being sold as a mistress to a Beijing’s police boss so as to expand her father’s force and status in their general public. Chang portrays her grandmother’s early life, her time as the courtesan of a warlord, and the departure with her infant girl following the demise of her significant other. This was then trailed by the marriage of Chang’s mother to a legitimate white collar cla ss specialist, making it feasible for Chang to give a clear image of the customary china, notwithstanding the spot of ladies in the general public before the socialist unrest occurred. The confirmation of youth journal depicts the effect that the First World War had on the working class residents in Britain. The diary shows the effects of this war delayed into post war years, subsequently its tremendous effects on the residents. The diary is further a sort of women's activist writing because of their portrayal of pioneer ladies fashioning their way into autonomous vocations on a general public that was slowly holding back of scholarly ladies. The journals start with Brittains plans of getting into Oxford University, and her adoration existence with Roland Leighton, who was a companion to her sibling. The account experiences the passings of her fiancã ©e sibling and her two nearest male companions during the First World War. It closes with Brittain meeting her Husband and the following marriage in 1925. Brittain was left truly depleted and sadness striken, yet in the midst of the whole injury, a thought was planted in Brittains brain of deifying her story in a book . The possibility of the book came later to be the confirmation of the adolescent, which is one of the most commended diaries of the twentieth century. The words in these diaries seem to spill out of her, a solid blend of both misfortune and fierceness that are strengthened by insight and conservative convictions. As a lady, Brittain had the option to account the female encounters in the war with a natural dynamism. The abstract memorialization of world war one was a protect of the male until the confirmation of the adolescent was determined. Brittain was therefore ready to offset enthusiastic reverberation with scholarly exactness. She had the option to hand-off her own story that of being the girl of the owner of a common paper manufacturing plant, and afterward as a young lady in the way towards comprehending the belongings that were destroyed by war. By so doing, she had the option to spread out her political convictions. As per the diaries, she had the option to discover that nobody can live in disengagement structure open occasions. Having experienced childhood in a preservationist working class family, she can compose strongly concerning her own aspirations as a methods for advancing her life and those of other ladies, notwithstanding the customary thoughts by her folks that a woman’s place has a place in the home. What gives Brittain’s diaries such an extraordinary impact is the refusal by Brittain to stick on to acknowledged standards that keep on lessening the spot of a lady in the general public. The diary meshes around policy driven issues into her own life that makes Brittain’s journal so interesting. This is on the grounds that any individual doesn't need to be keen on pacifism or woman's rights to comprehend Brittain’s perspective. The amazing journal, be that as it may, didn't come without encountering of individual by Brittain. Despite the fact that she belived thaty she could never be discover any delight of being seeing someone, did inevitably wed George Caltin, a rationalist which following a romance that was affected by a letter. Composing of the confirmation of youth, along with its distribution influenced Brittain, yet additionally had more extensive ramifications. Her better half needed to adapt perusing the enthusiastic nostalgic composition of his wife’s’ previous sweetheart. The passings of her dearest companions and father constrained Brittain to bear the weight if this catastrophe. She thus emptied out her energies into battling against expansionism, politically-sanctioned racial segregation, and atomic multiplication. Britttain’s political activism lastingly affected her little girl, in that; she drove the resistance against the attack of Iraq in the House of Lords in 2003. Worth Following the transformation, the situation of ladies in the general public rose altogether with Chang’s mother being a government employee and later the spouse of an authority. Chang, consequently, gives a recorded perspective on the impact of Mao’s rule on the way of life of conventional China, just as the uncommon opening of ladies in today’s world. Chang’s account is a motivating one of mental fortitude, insight, love, unwaveringness, and affectability that is told in a target way without blame or allegations. Despite the fact that Brittain is presently dead and can't observer the achievement the journals, the effects are as yet felt even today in, for example, how her book has helped in molding the awareness of current women's activists. In a time of six years, the diaries had sold more than 120, 000 duplicates. The episode of World War II, nonetheless, implied that Brittain’s conservative way of thinking turned out to be less mainstream. It was not until the late 1970s that the Virago, the women's activist distributer reproduced Testament of Youth which was trailed by a mainstream TV arrangement brought Brittain’s work to a greater crowd. The book up to today remains impressively persuasive 8 decades after its distribution, and keeps on rousing new ages. The book had the option to pass on the individual pulverization that followed World War I, particularly from the point of view of a young lady who encountered the fury of war without limit. Numerous other simultaneous recor ds delineated ladies as casualties who bore the staggering impact of world occasions, as opposed to as the methods for their own change. Her story is a compassionate one that gives the encounters of ladies a voice thinking about that numerous other female scholars attempted to carry their records into the spotlight. Issue as an approach to describe past Utilizing the issue as a method of relating the past is that the story is inclined to be handed-off in an abstract way that centers more around the issue than on the arrangements, and the recorded parts of the story. By utilizing the issue approach technique to feature different previous authentic occasions we are relied upon to gain from might be one directional, in that, the creator may just view matters that actually tricky to him/her. In these two diaries, for example, Brittain in the Testament of Youth focu

The Centralized Manager Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Centralized Manager - Research Paper Example The board is a significant part of Public Administration and it is significant that whoever holds such a significant position ought to comply with the standards of workmanship. Great open organization rehearses guarantee that exhibition of workers just as viable administration rehearses. Chiefs ought to separate among the executives and authority since they should be applied at various occasions and when circumstances call for either. For the situation study, Suha’s circumstance in the Information Technology office during her position at ADNOC will be broke down. The administrator of the IT Division Dr. Ahmed rendered his lesser associates pointless as he fabricated an extreme relationship with different workers thinking about that he was applying amateurish practices toward them. His conduct was harmful, and all things considered, he prompted certain trustable and committed representatives leave ADNOC. The circumstance that heightened due to Ahmed prompted the loss of signifi cant individuals who had extraordinary vision for the organization. This implies poor administration do effectsly affect the exhibition of staff just as their relationship with work. For this situation study, the paper will investigate the explanations for Suha, Abdulrahman, and Dania leaving the association however they were as yet youthful and vivacious. What was the issue? Was it them or the board? That is something the paper will assist use with discovering. The Organization Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) is one that was built up in the United Arab Emirates as the lady government-possessed organization. It is spent significant time in appropriation and advertising of oil based goods with the UAE. As among the biggest organizations in the Gulf district managing in oil, it works inside a huge system of administration region and helpful stores. The company’s administration stations have the most trend setting innovation, for example, vacuuming and robotized vehicle w ash, fix of tire and lube administrations. The organization additionally has auto vehicle administrations which are found in Al Ain, Northern Emirates, Abu Dhabi, and Western Region. The organization has various offices and divisions with each having clear jobs and obligations. Regarding the contextual investigation, the primary spotlight will be on the IT division headed by Dr. Ahmed. The IT Division at ADNOC has a particular structure comprising of four unique offices. IT Division Manager Office Administrator Application System Department Data Center and Network Technical Support IT Quality and Control The Organizational Structure and Staff The primary notable individual in the association is Dr. Ahmed, an Algerian who is 45 years of age and has been a chief in the IT division in ADNOC Distribution for around 17 years. Having done his BSc in Engineering from Salford in Manchester, a MSc in Computer Based Design, and PhD in Computer Control and Simulation from University of Leeds, Ahmed had an abundance of experience from respectable foundations and a genuine expert in such manner. The experience implies that he has everything expected to push the organization ahead when encircled by youthful, vigorous, and yearning IT authorities. Ahmed had a huge window that faces the passageway, he never shut that drapes Ahmed sat in a position where he could watch each development made by each representative and requested them to go to his office. This doesn't give opportunity at work at all; he was mistreating his youngsters every once in a while. He was that sort of a nosey supervisor who might need to know each move and make suspicions on each development. In a workplace as occupied as ADNOC Distribution, representatives need not sit around time with specific inquiries even close to home ones. Time is cash and the board is tied in with sparing the accessible time in pushing toward the objectives of an association. Being a central gossiper in the workplace, he

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Get the Scoop on Scholarship Application Essay Samples Before Youre Too Late

Get the Scoop on Scholarship Application Essay Samples Before You're Too Late It is possible to also check more information associated with their educational qualification and the amount of articles or essays they've delivered. Many students don't keep the coherency in the content. Both examples manage the identical theme (sick parent) but utilize various approaches. They deal with the same theme sick parent but utilize different approaches. Scholarship Application Essay Samples: No Longer a Mystery Instead you must explain the goal of the essay. The template needs to be designed in a way that is allows candidates to compose the necessary essay or description. An essay has a specific structure. It is often the most important part of your application. It is your first impression, and you want to make a good first impression. Your essay ought to be 300500 words. What Does Scholarship Application Essay Samples Mean? Your essay needs to be in a position to provide a thorough look at your school and home life. If you're applying for a scholarship odds are you are likely to should compose an essay. A great deal of scholarships have a tendency to be due mid-month or at the close of the month. Every student demands help with homework from time to time. What Is So Fascinating About Scholarship Application Essay Samples? The introductory paragraph should inform the audience what will be discussed in the principal body. The essay plays a significant role is allowing institutes to rate the abilities and qualities of candidates. When you're assigned the job of writing the scholar ship essays, then you're in a fix that the way to handle it be cause for you it's among the standard task which should be taken care. The essay questions are rather important and function as a cornerstone by which your application form will be reviewed and judged. The majority of the scholarship committees prefer to request essays as opposed to asking the applicants to fill a transcript. Institutions could possibly be flooded with these kinds of applications. You ought not pay a stiff fee to have a scholarship. If you're eligible you are able to apply through Google Scholarships and Program application website. In reality, some sites apply for internet scholarships for you. It ought to be able to satisfy the distinctive criteria a scholarship provider is searching for. As a consequence, their scholarship applications become rejected. When you have decided which scholarships you want to apply to, mark your calendar! With the development of technology, it's simpler than ever to make one's business more efficient, particularly in the world of customer loyalty and retention. Review what you've been requested to address in your essay Sometimes educational institutions wish to learn more than just your career targets. Getting into one of the highest colleges is the initial step towards a prosperous career. Though many students may write well, few applicants put in the effort to achieve that. International students often have to apply for scholarships to study in the usa, below are some sample scholarship essays for students studying in the usa. Nursing Scholarship Essay Example There are lots of reasons someone might opt to enter the nursing profession. All our writers have a lot of years of experience. If you've already graduated from college or university and are looking for a very good job, you will need to get a persuasive resume to impress your future employer. Countless students, like him, don't know whether they will require the financial assistance, therefore it's vital to have the conversation with your parents to comprehend what ought to be done, and that means you are able to afford college. Bear in mind, all sort of activities you're speaking about in the essay must be associated with the scholarship program. Moreover, it's your personal info and there can not exist another individual with the specific details. Not everybody can afford excellent education, which explains why some individuals choose to join the institution's scholarship program. There are various ways whereby you could interact and one of the simple options is the inquiry form that is on the site. Planning When you've got a notion of the financial conditions, establish a strategy to for all the help necessary to secure you into the colleges you apply to. Organization Figure out how much money you will need to cover your education and find a strategy to address financial aid. You will getprofessional assistance from Udacity mentorsif you become stuck. There are a lot of options for financial aid however, you must first understand how much help is required to establish a strategy.

Climate Geography Essay - 864 Words

Task 1 1.Lake Hillior Esperane,WA 2.Hamesley Dunes Fitzgerald River,National Park 3.Cape Le Grand national park esperane 4.Murray river, New South Wales 5.Murrumbigge river,new South Wales 6.River darling,new South Wales 7.Mt Gower,in Tasman 8.Mt feather top,in Vic 9.Wollumbm Mt warning in New South Wales 10.Sand Dunedin start stony desert in Western Australia 11.Desert communities,at the great Victoria 12.Desert Hora and fauna in Australia and area 14. South Australia is the perfect place to escape. It has mild winter and warm to hot,dry summers 15.The Northern Territory is a federal Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia 16. Queensland climate , due to its size has quite a†¦show more content†¦25. Predictions measuring the effects of global warming on Australia assert that global warming will negatively impact the continents environment, economy, and communities. 26. climate change will cause increases to the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Rising sea levels pose a significant risk to coastal communities, while the world’s oceans could become too acidic to support coral reefs and other calcifying marine organisms. 27. Australia has a total of one million species of native creatures, of which more than 80% of plants, mammals, reptiles and so are Australia-specific, while Australia has the worlds largest freshwater fish and birds. But the current changes in the ecological environment, over-exploitation, pollution, alien species invasion and climate change, Australias biodiversity has been rapidly reduced, the speed may be more than anywhere in the world. 28. You can help to reduce the demand for fossil fuels,which in turn reduces global warming,by using energy more wisley. Here are 5 simple action you can take to help reduce global warming. Firstly reduce,reuse and recycle,second is use less heat and air conditioner and change a lightbulb,then is less and drives smart,for lasting buy some energy products Task 3 1. North Richmond 2. Traffic jams from school to my home is during to walk 3 minutes to flagstaff station,and take theShow MoreRelatedGeography - Climate Change Essay958 Words   |  4 PagesTitle: Compare and contrast the contributing factors of climate change and argue that there is a need for more economically developed nations to take the lead. Nations around the world have been contributing to climate change by damaging natural environments and releasing greenhouse gases and there is a need for more economically developed nations. 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The Mesopotamians and Egyptians hadRead MoreCultural Awareness Of Sub-Saharan Africa1069 Words   |  5 Pagesfor cultural learning that encompasses shared rules for conduct and that are dependent upon symbols. Cultures can be integrated by using â€Å"social and economic forces, core values, and key symbols† (Mirror for Humanity, 2002). This essay will elaborate on the physical geography and military history of Sub-Saharan Africa, an analysis of its weather, and an overview of the ASCOPE acronym. Sub-Saharan Africa refers to the diverse landscape of more than 50 countries of Africa, which are south of the SaharaRead MoreCompare Contrast Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia: A Compare and Contrast Essay Com/170 Ancient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia: A Compare and Contrast Essay Ancient Egypt, known as â€Å"The Gift of the Nile,† and ancient Mesopotamia, known as the land â€Å"Between the Rivers,† were the first two civilizations developed by mankind. 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Persuasive Speech Draft (Minimum Wage) Essay - 745 Words

Kirsten Burroughs Professor Hart Persuasive Speech 04 December 2013 Intro: People of the middle class all know that the minimum wage of $7.25 is not sufficient to maintain a comfortable lifestyle. There is considerable evidence to show that the current generations comfortable lifestyles require a more luxurious price for standard living. The cost of living over the years has dramatically increased due to high consumer demands of products. As that being said, $7.25 is just not enough for a happy lifestyle, food, and the bills. There are many jobs that dislike or just cant afford paying high wages. Therefore, many employers hire less to save money. This causes a non-sufficient pay rate for comfortable living and high unemployment†¦show more content†¦This sense of technology is taking over our lives and turning us into couch potato zombies with no active lifestyle because all we want to do is dwell on the internet and social media networks. For example, years ago there were no television ads, cellphones, or computers to stimulate our senses. Now that we do have all that, we are taking advantage of our products and economy, whether we see it and believe it or not. These things are unnecessary for standard living but now the upcoming generations depend on these products to function and live through life. On the other hand, without consumers buying products and manufacturers making these products, our economy would no longer exist. That is the belief that consumer satisfaction is that the economy is fundamentally ruled by consumer desires is called consumer sovereignty. Consumer sovereignty is the idea that consumers’ needs and wants determine the shape of all economic activities. Therefore, consumer sovereignty is the fundamental mechanism that guides economies. Body 2: ($7.25 is just not enough to pay for food, the bills, and a happy lifestyle.) Body3: (There are many jobs that dislike paying high wages. 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Communication Network free essay sample

Communication network are large system distributed in wide area which are designed to send and receive information from one computer to another computer and this computers are called host. Network achieves this providing a set of rules which in terms of networking are called protocols. This protocols are set for communication which every host should follow and participate. The network is made up of two types of components: Nodes and Communication lines. The nodes manages the network protocol and provides switching capabilities. Usually a node is a computer itself which operates different network. The communication lines is the route that connects a power house to its base. Examples : copper wire cables, radio waves and telephone lines. Human resources are nowadays dependent on communication through network and their various types and protocols. Human uses this network to exchange information through symbols, signals and speeches and for this type of communication network provides different tools such as radio, television, computer etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication Network or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The role of communication network is globally in current era. Networks are constructed across wide area buildings. Networks may also be citywide and even international, using both cable and air connections. There are three types of major networks . 1gt; LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) 2gt; WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) 3gt; METROPOLITAN AREA NETWROK (MAN). 1. LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) Group of computers which all belong to same organizations and which are linked within a small geographic area using a network and often the same technology. Data transfer speeds over a local area network can reach up to 10 Mbps to 1 Gbps. Local area network can reach as many as users may be 100 or even 1000 users. LOCAL AREA NETWORK is also divides in two small area network. 1gt; TINY AREA NETWORK (TAN) AND 2gt; CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN). TINY AREA NETWORK are locally used within the houses and small associations while CAMPUS AREA NETWORK are usually used for schools and universities. LOCAL AREA NETWORK are operated by two different modes * Peer-to-peer Network in which communication is carried out from one computer to another computer without a central computer and where each computer has the same role * Client/server – Environment in which a central computer provides a network service to users 2. WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) WAN connects multiple local network to one another over great geographic distances. The speed available on Wide network depends on the cost of connection the buyer spends on it. WAN usually operate using routers. Big corporation and business owns wide area network for the company users. 3. METROPOLITAN ARE NETWORK (MAN) Connects multiple geographically near by LANS to one another at high speeds. Thus a MAN lets two remote modes communicate as if they were part of some local area network. MAN is made from switches or routers connected to one another with high speed links. ACCESS RESTRICTION When it comes to network then how can one forget about the restrictions one has accessing it. There are two kinds of restriction. 1) Public Network 2) Private Network. * Public network The networks that are publically visible to the internet and also some of the network can be easily access to the public. By this it doesn’t mean that public can have access to the network of the company. This network are generally used by the public but may require registration fees * Private network In private network the device cannot access directly to the network nor they can directly communicate to them. Networks that are maintained and used by banks, hospital, airlines etc. OSI MODEL:- The International Standards Organization (ISO) has developed a reference model for network design called the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). It proposes a seven-layer architecture for networks 1. Physical layer 2. Data-link layer 3. Network layer 4. Transport layer 5. Session layer 6. Presentation layer 7. Application layer The seven layer represents the protocol architecture for the communications components of host but the nodes in the network applies to only first three lower layers and the reason behind the node using only lower three layers is that the upper four layers are not capable to the task of communication between the nodes 1. Physical layer – Physical layer focuses on transmissions of data bits over communication lines 2. Data link layer – The data link layer concerns with the transfer of data over the communication links provided by physical layer. 3. Network layer – Is concerned with the routing of data across the network from one end to another end. With this network layer converts the data into packet and makes sure that the packet is delivered to their specific final destination where the packet is again converted into data. 4. Transport layer – The main concern of the transport layer is to isolate the upper three layers from the network so that if there are any changes to the network equipment technology will be confined to lower three layers. 5. Session layer- The session layer provides a structured means for data exchange between user processes on communicating hosts. . Presentation layer The presentation layer provides represents the application data communicated between two user processes. 7. Application layer – It is concerned about what the data means to application. It provides standards for support a variety of application independent services. CONCLUSION:- In conclusion communication network hel ps us provide all the information using internet protocols and through its different layers. It’s a network which is divided in wide area for receiving and transmitting information and data from computer to another. Communication networks have their types depending on the area and how large the network is. With all the network division from region to region each have their own restriction through which the network are privately used or publically. Work cited Hekmat,Sharam. CommunicationNetworks. N. p. ,n. d. Web. Apr. 2013. lt;http://www. pragsoft. com/books/CommNetwork. pdfgt;. Patel, Mayur. The Communications Network. Â  The Communications Network RSS. The Communications Network, 26 Apr. 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2013. lt;http://www. comnetwork. org/gt;. AG, SAMSON. Communication Networks. Â  SAMSON. N. p. , n. d. Web. lt;: http://www. samson. degt;.

The Little Girl and the Wolf Essay Example

The Little Girl and the Wolf Essay James Thurbers story, The Little Girl and the Wolf starts off with, One afternoon a big wolf waited in a dark forest for a little girl to come along carrying a basket of food to her grandmother. (Elements of Literature, p.203) This first sentence tells us quite clearly that neither the situation nor the little girl are very safe; in other words, something terrible is waiting to happen.The little girl comes along and runs into the wolf, who asks her for directions to her grandmothers house. After receiving the directions the wolf takes off. Although its not mentioned in the story, the reader automatically knows that the wolf is headed for the grandmothers house, and that even more danger awaits the little girl.The little girl reaches her grandmothers house sometime later and walks in. She notices someone in the bed and quite calmy and humorously (or possibly even sarcastically) comes to the conclusion that the person in the bed is not her grandmother. Without any emotion or expression she pulls a gun out of her basket and kills the wolf.The story ends with the moral: It is not so easy to fool little girls nowadays as it used to be. (Elements of Literature, p. 203) This may be true enough to justify the unusual change of events in the story.At the beginning of James Thurburs other story, The Princess and the Tin Box, the princesss beauty and wealth are described in detail, giving the reader a picture of the life that she has in the palace. Her beautiful features are compared to a cornflower, hyacinth and a swan. Her toys were all made of gold or platinum or diamonds or emeralds. (Elements of Literature, p. 204) She was pampered with the best of gifts and pleasures at all times.On the princesss 18th birthday, her father sent a message to five neighboring kings telling them he would give his daughters hand in marriage to the prince that brought her the gift she liked most.The first prince brought her an enormous golden apple; the second arrived with a nightingale o f a thousand diamonds; the third presented her with a jewel box made of platinum and sapphire, and the fourth gave her a heart made of rubies and pierced by an emerald arrow. The fifth prince was handsome but quite poor and had nothing of great value to give the princess. He brought her a small tin box filled with ordinary rocks. The other princes laughed at him, but the princess was quite delighted at the sight of something that she was never allowed to see or play with before.The gifts were set on a long table, and the princess chose the gift she liked best the jewel box given to her by the third prince. Her explanation for her choice was that since she was to get married, she would be meeting many admirers who would bring her many gifts; therefore she needed the jewel box to keep all these gifts in. She married the third prince that same day and had a lovely wedding.Evidently the princess had been raised exactly as her father had wanted, with no taste for ordinary things (althou gh she did seem interested in them earlier). If this story were like every other fairy tale, the princess would have married the fifth prince and lived happily ever after. Thurber, however, has a way of turning sweet fairy tales into writings with hints of sarcasm in them. The ending of this story was no surprise after reading Thurbers first story. In modern days, no girl in her right mind would choose the fifth prince, no matter what. Thurber has shown this characteristic in an old-fashioned setting, making it seem ironic and unusual whereas it wouldnt be at all unusual to people nowadays.

Free Essays on Dubois

In Du Bois’s The Souls of Black Folk he addresses what it is like to be an African American living in the turn of the twentieth century. Du Bois isn’t like any ordinary black man though. He fortunately has been very well educated. This is rare during this time period. He discusses what its like to be black and how race will have effect on society in the future. I think that Du Bois is a sociological figure. He brings up ideas from an African American view. Not many sociologists, if there are even any, have done this before. Race had a huge impact on life during this time. Many blacks didn’t have the opportunity that Du Bois was given. Most didn’t even get to go to college, or even get through high school. Du Bois saw the fact that blacks had it hard, and this is what he discussed in his book, The Souls of Black Folk. When Weber discusses legitimate authority, he discusses how domination, or legitimate domination is one type of authority. This does not always mean in a rational sense. After reading Du Bois, I feel that he believed that the southern authority was not legitimate during this time period. The southern African Americans didn’t agree to the Southern authority of the time period. I don’t think that the black citizens of the south didn’t really accept and obey the rules. I believe that Du Bois mostly believes in traditional type of social action. Where the traditional rights of the dominant group are accepted or not challenged. The blacks although they didn’t accept the rules for the most part, they didn’t really challenge them. When looking at his writings, it is easy to see the traditional action in them. He discusses how it feels to be a problem. â€Å"A people thus handicapped†¦ sweating black man is darkened by the shadow of a vast despair.† (Du Bois, Kimmel p. 386) I believe what Du Bois meant by this quote is that while the white man is out doing whatever it is that he does, the black man is ou... Free Essays on Dubois Free Essays on Dubois In Du Bois’s The Souls of Black Folk he addresses what it is like to be an African American living in the turn of the twentieth century. Du Bois isn’t like any ordinary black man though. He fortunately has been very well educated. This is rare during this time period. He discusses what its like to be black and how race will have effect on society in the future. I think that Du Bois is a sociological figure. He brings up ideas from an African American view. Not many sociologists, if there are even any, have done this before. Race had a huge impact on life during this time. Many blacks didn’t have the opportunity that Du Bois was given. Most didn’t even get to go to college, or even get through high school. Du Bois saw the fact that blacks had it hard, and this is what he discussed in his book, The Souls of Black Folk. When Weber discusses legitimate authority, he discusses how domination, or legitimate domination is one type of authority. This does not always mean in a rational sense. After reading Du Bois, I feel that he believed that the southern authority was not legitimate during this time period. The southern African Americans didn’t agree to the Southern authority of the time period. I don’t think that the black citizens of the south didn’t really accept and obey the rules. I believe that Du Bois mostly believes in traditional type of social action. Where the traditional rights of the dominant group are accepted or not challenged. The blacks although they didn’t accept the rules for the most part, they didn’t really challenge them. When looking at his writings, it is easy to see the traditional action in them. He discusses how it feels to be a problem. â€Å"A people thus handicapped†¦ sweating black man is darkened by the shadow of a vast despair.† (Du Bois, Kimmel p. 386) I believe what Du Bois meant by this quote is that while the white man is out doing whatever it is that he does, the black man is ou...

Cultural Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cultural - Research Paper Example Political organization beyond the Chief V. Summary The Basseri is a native pastoralist tribe located in Iran. The tribe is pastoralist because they have pastures to graze cattle, sheep and goats and they depend on the animals for food. Everything that the Basseri do is central to the animals that they own. The following pages will discuss the Basseri and their culture and living arrangements, the kinship system, economy, and the pastoral chiefdom that is their leader. In a pastoral culture, all things evolve around the ability to successfully execute economic transactions with the animals that are owned. This goes for marriage as well; however, in the Basseri culture women are controlled and they are forced to cover their faces in public. More about the control of women will be discussed later in this paper. First, the pastoral culture of the Basseri needs to be explained to understand how rest of the culture works fits. a. Culture of Basseri Culture can be defined as everything arou nd us, everything we do, make, think or say. Culture is constantly changing and is influenced by many things. The Basseri are nomadic pastoralist tribe from the Fars region of present-day Iran. They descended from the Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Gypsy ancestors and are involved in rearing sheep, donkeys, horses, camels, dogs and goats. The donkeys are used to carry women and children while men ride in horses. The camels on the other hand, are used to carry heavy loads especially during migration (Salzman et al. 1995). The "tent† or family group is the basic unit of social organization among the Basseri. All tents have a recognized head that deals with the formal officers of the tribe, villagers, and other strangers (Nowak & Laird, 2010). They speak the Farsi dialect. b. Where they live Khanam (2005) gives details of where the Basseri live. The Basseri live in the Iranian province of Fars and migrate along the steppes and mountains near the town of Shiraz. Their population was 16, 000 in the 1950s but more recent estimates have not been widely published. Unlike other tribes, they are defined by political rather than ethnic or geographic criteria due to their livelihood. The area they inhabit of 18, 000 to 21, 000 square kilometers spans a large ecological range. There are deserts in the south, mountains in the North. The mountain precipitation provides support for vegetation while the southern lowland runoff and summer droughts limit vegetation to hardy desert scrubs. In the rainy season of winter, there is temporary grass cover (p. 121). c. How they Live The subsistence mode influences the way people live. As such, the Basseri migrate from place to place in search of pasture during winter and settle during summer. According to Nowak and Laird (2010), they move every three to four days with their animals and during this time, tents become their dwellings. Small tents are established for nuclear family at this time but while they settle for a longer time during summer, larger tents are utilized. During the summer period, the Basseri are involved in some farming especially the growing of wheat. This involvement in agriculture can be seen as abandoning their culture of pastoralism. However, it is only carried out during summer along the tribal route before the Basseri migrate to other areas (Marx, 1977).The reason why Basseri migrate is due to depletion of natural resources for the animals to eat. They therefore, have to move to other places to look for food for the animals. Culture also

Business economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business economics - Essay Example rgy resources, cause inundations, heat-related deaths and the fast spread of infectious diseases, as well as create serious damage to all industry sectors. Therefore, climate change is regarded nowadays as the negative outcome of the modern economic system, along with the process behind its making. It is a problem that addresses all the major players in both local and global economies: the operational factors, such as businesses, the regulatory factors, such as governments, the intellectual factors, such as foundations and universities (Echegaray, et al., 2008), as well as the citizens or the consumers, which, at their turn, establish the connections between the factors mentioned above. All of these entities have at least something to say about climate change, and while some of the discussions are focused on finding the guilty parties, on throwing the blame on someone for what has been already done, others are trying to find the appropriate solutions. I believe that businesses should understand that environmental awareness is crucial for their long-term sustainability. Companies should recognize climate change as a risk and establish special risk-assessment teams to indentify its impact on the company’s costs, supply chains, work practices and outputs. For example, if the winters will become warmer, energy costs will be lowered; however, at the same time, the summers will become hotter, which will increase the demand for air-conditioning. This way, a company’s costs distribution is changed based on environmental issues. Still, businesses should see climate change as an opportunity and a challenge to find new markets, develop new technologies as well as improve their image among average consumers. Studies have demonstrated that customers are most likely to absolve their guilt about their environmental footprint by buying products from a â€Å"greener† company. In other words, consuming trends will shift accord ing to which companies take the lead in using green

African American Culture Essay Example for Free

African American Culture Essay African American culture in the United States includes the various cultural traditions of African ethnic groups. It is both part of and distinct from American culture. The U. S. Census Bureau defines African Americans as people having origins in any of the Black race groups of Africa. [1] African American culture is indigenous to the descendants in the U. S. of survivors of the Middle Passage. It is rooted in Africa and is an amalgam of chiefly sub-Saharan African and Sahelean cultures. Although slavery greatly restricted the ability of Africans in America to practice their cultural traditions, many practices, values and beliefs survived and over time have incorporated elements of European American culture. There are even certain facets of African American culture that were brought into being or made more prominent as a result of slavery; an example of this is how drumming became used as a means of communication and establishing a community identity during that time. The result is a dynamic, creative culture that has had and continues to have a profound impact on mainstream American culture and on world culture as well. After Emancipation, these uniquely African American traditions continued to grow. They developed into distinctive traditions in music, art, literature, religion, food, holidays, amongst others. While for some time sociologists, such as Gunnar Myrdal and Patrick Moynihan, believed that African Americans had lost most cultural ties with Africa, anthropological field research by Melville Hersovits and others demonstrated that there is a continuum of African traditions among Africans in the New World from the West Indies to the United States. The greatest influence of African cultural practices on European cultures is found below the Mason-Dixon in the southeastern United States, especially in the Carolinas among the Gullah people and in Louisiana. African American culture often developed separately from mainstream American culture because of African Americans desire to practice their own traditions, as well as the persistence of racial segregation in America. Consequently African American culture has become a significant part of American culture and yet, at the same time, remains a distinct culture apart from it. History From the earliest days of slavery, slave owners sought to exercise control over their slaves by attempting to strip them of their African culture. The physical isolation and societal marginalization of African slaves and, later, of their free progeny, however, actually facilitated the retention of significant elements of traditional culture among Africans in the New World generally, and in the U. S. in particular. Slave owners deliberately tried to repress political organization in order to deal with the many slave rebellions that took place in the southern United States, Brazil, Haiti, and the Dutch Guyanas. African cultures,slavery,slave rebellions,and the civil rights movements(circa 1800s-160s)have shaped African American religious, familial, political and economic behaviors. The imprint of Africa is evident in myriad ways, in politics, economics, language, music, hairstyles, fashion, dance, religion and worldview, and food preparation methods. In the United States, the very legislation that was designed to strip slaves of culture and deny them education served in many ways to strengthen it. In turn, African American culture has had a pervasive, transformative impact on myriad elements of mainstream American culture, among them language, music, dance, religion, cuisine, and agriculture. This process of mutual creative exchange is called creolization. Over time, the culture of African slaves and their descendants has been ubiquitous in its impact on not only the dominant American culture, but on world culture as well. Oral tradition Slaveholders limited or prohibited education of enslaved African Americans because they believed it might lead to revolts or escape plans. Hence, African-based oral traditions became the primary means of preserving history, morals, and other cultural information among the people. This was consistent with the griot practices of oral history in many African and other cultures that did not rely on the written word. Many of these cultural elements have been passed from generation to generation through storytelling. The folktales provided African Americans the opportunity to inspire and educate one another. Examples of African American folktales include trickster tales of Brer Rabbit and heroic tales such as that of John Henry. The Uncle Remus stories by Joel Chandler Harris helped to bring African American folk tales into mainstream adoption. Harris did not appreciate the complexity of the stories nor their potential for a lasting impact on society. Characteristics of the African American oral tradition present themselves in a number of forms. African American preachers tend to perform rather than simply speak. The emotion of the subject is carried through the speakers tone, volume, and movement, which tend to mirror the rising action, climax, and descending action of the sermon. Often song, dance, verse and structured pauses are placed throughout the sermon. Techniques such as call-and-response are used to bring the audience into the presentation. In direct contrast to recent tradition in other American and Western cultures, it is an acceptable and common audience reaction to interrupt and affirm the speaker. Spoken word is another example of how the African American oral tradition influences modern American popular culture. Spoken word artists employ the same techniques as African American preachers including movement, rhythm, and audience participation. Rap music from the 1980s and beyond has been seen as an extension of oral culture. Harlem Renaissance [pic] Zora Neale Hurston was a prominent literary figure during the Harlem Renaissance. Main article: Harlem Renaissance The first major public recognition of African American culture occurred during the Harlem Renaissance. In the 1920s and 1930s, African American music, literature, and art gained wide notice. Authors such as Zora Neale Hurston and Nella Larsen and poets such as Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, and Countee Cullen wrote works describing the African American experience. Jazz, swing, blues and other musical forms entered American popular music. African American artists such as William H. Johnson and Palmer Hayden created unique works of art featuring African Americans. The Harlem Renaissance was also a time of increased political involvement for African Americans. Among the notable African American political movements founded in the early 20th century are the United Negro Improvement Association and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The Nation of Islam, a notable Islamic religious movement, also began in the early 1930s. African American cultural movement The Black Power movement of the 1960s and 1970s followed in the wake of the non-violent American Civil Rights Movement. The movement promoted racial pride and ethnic cohesion in contrast to the focus on integration of the Civil Rights Movement, and adopted a more militant posture in the face of racism. It also inspired a new renaissance in African American literary and artistic expression generally referred to as the African American or Black Arts Movement. The works of popular recording artists such as Nina Simone (Young, Gifted and Black) and The Impressions (Keep On Pushin), as well as the poetry, fine arts and literature of the time, shaped and reflected the growing racial and political consciousness. Among the most prominent writers of the African American Arts Movement were poet Nikki Giovanni; poet and publisher Don L. Lee, who later became known as Haki Madhubuti; poet and playwright Leroi Jones, later known as Amiri Baraka; and Sonia Sanchez. Other influential writers were Ed Bullins, Dudley Randall, Mari Evans, June Jordan, Larry Neal and Ahmos Zu-Bolton. Another major aspect of the African American Arts Movement was the infusion of the African aesthetic, a return to a collective cultural sensibility and ethnic pride that was much in evidence during the Harlem Renaissance and in the celebration of Negritude among the artistic and literary circles in the U. S. , Caribbean and the African continent nearly four decades earlier: the idea that black is beautiful. During this time, there was a resurgence of interest in, and an embrace of, elements of African culture within African American culture that had been suppressed or devalued to conform to Eurocentric America. Natural hairstyles, such as the afro, and African clothing, such as the dashiki, gained popularity. More importantly, the African American aesthetic encouraged personal pride and political awareness among African Americans. Music [pic] Men playing the djembe, a traditional West African drum adopted into African American and American culture. The bags and the clothing of the man on the right are printed with traditional kente cloth patterns. African American music is rooted in the typically polyrhythmic music of the ethnic groups of Africa, specifically those in the Western, Sahelean, and Sub-Saharan regions. African oral traditions, nurtured in slavery, encouraged the use of music to pass on history, teach lessons, ease suffering, and relay messages. The African pedigree of African American music is evident in some common elements: call and response, syncopation, percussion, improvisation, swung notes, blue notes, the use of falsetto, melisma, and complex multi-part harmony. During slavery, Africans in America blended traditional European hymns with African elements to create spirituals. Many African Americans sing Lift Evry Voice and Sing in addition to the American national anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner, or in lieu of it. Written by James Weldon Johnson and John Rosamond Johnson in 1900 to be performed for the birthday of Abraham Lincoln, the song was, and continues to be, a popular way for African Americans to recall past struggles and express ethnic solidarity, faith and hope for the future. The song was adopted as the Negro National Anthem by the NAACP in 1919. African American children are taught the song at school, church or by their families. Lift Evry Voice and Sing traditionally is sung immediately following, or instead of, The Star-Spangled Banner at events hosted by African American churches, schools, and other organizations. In the 1800s, as the result of the blackface minstrel show, African American music entered mainstream American society. By the early twentieth century, several musical forms with origins in the African American community had transformed American popular music. Aided by the technological innovations of radio and phonograph records, ragtime, jazz, blues, and swing also became popular overseas, and the 1920s became known as the Jazz Age. The early 20th century also saw the creation of the first African American Broadway shows, films such as King Vidors Hallelujah!, and operas such as George Gershwins Porgy and Bess. Rock and roll, doo wop, soul, and RB developed in the mid 20th century. These genres became very popular in white audiences and were influences for other genres such as surf. The dozens, an urban African American tradition of using rhyming slang to put down your enemies (or friends) developed through the smart-ass street jive of the early Seventies into a new form of music. In the South Bronx, the half speaking, half singing rhythmic street talk of rapping grew into the hugely successful cultural force known as Hip Hop. Hip Hop would become a multicultural movement. However, it is still important to many African Americans. The African American Cultural Movement of the 1960s and 1970s also fueled the growth of funk and later hip-hop forms such as rap, hip house, new jack swing and go go. African American music has experienced far more widespread acceptance in American popular music in the 21st century than ever before. In addition to continuing to develop newer musical forms, modern artists have also started a rebirth of older genres in the form of genres such as neo soul and modern funk-inspired groups. Dance [pic]. The Cakewalk was the first African American dance to gain widespread popularity in the United States. [pic] African American dance, like other aspects of African American culture, finds its earliest roots in the dances of the hundreds of African ethnic groups that made up African slaves in the Americas as well as influences from European sources in the United States. Dance in the African tradition, and thus in the tradition of slaves, was a part of both every day life and special occasions. Many of these traditions such as get down, ring shouts, and other elements of African body language survive as elements of modern dance. In the 1800s, African American dance began to appear in minstrel shows. These shows often presented African Americans as caricatures for ridicule to large audiences. The first African American dance to become popular with White dancers was the cakewalk in 1891. Later dances to follow in this tradition include the Charleston, the Lindy Hop, and the Jitterbug. During the Harlem Renaissance, all African American Broadway shows such as Shuffle Along helped to establish and legitimize African American dancers. African American dance forms such as tap, a combination of African and European influences, gained widespread popularity thanks to dancers such as Bill Robinson and were used by leading White choreographers who often hired African American dancers. Contemporary African American dance is descended from these earlier forms and also draws influence from African and Caribbean dance forms. Groups such as the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater have continued to contribute to the growth of this form. Modern popular dance in America is also greatly influenced by African American dance. American popular dance has also drawn many influences from African American dance most notably in the hip hop genre. Art [pic] Sand Dunes at Sunset, Atlantic City by Henry Ossawa Tanner 1859-1937 From its early origins in slave communities, through the end of the twentieth century, African-American art has made a vital contribution to the art of the United States. During the period between the 1600s and the early 1800s, art took the form of small drums, quilts, wrought-iron figures and ceramic vessels in the southern United States. These artifacts have similarities with comparable crafts in West and Central Africa. In contrast, African American artisans like the New England–based engraver Scipio Moorhead and the Baltimore portrait painter Joshua Johnson created art that was conceived in a thoroughly western European fashion. During the 1800s, Harriet Powers made quilts in rural Georgia, United States that are now considered among the finest examples of nineteenth-century Southern quilting. Later in the 20th century, the women of Gee’s Bend developed a distinctive, bold, and sophisticated quilting style based on traditional African American quilts with a geometric simplicity that developed separately but was like that of Amish quilts and modern art. After the American Civil War, museums and galleries began more frequently to display the work of African American artists. Cultural expression in mainstream venues was still limited by the dominant European aesthetic and by racial prejudice. To increase the visibility of their work, many African American artists traveled to Europe where they had greater freedom. It was not until the Harlem Renaissance that more whites began to pay attention to African American art in America. [pic] Kara Walker, Cut, Cut paper and adhesive on wall, Brent Sikkema NYC. During the 1920s, artists such as Raymond Barthe, Aaron Douglas, Augusta Savage, and photographer James Van Der Zee became well known for their work. During the Great Depression, new opportunities arose for these and other African American artists under the WPA. In later years, other programs and institutions, such as the New York City-based Harmon Foundation, helped to foster African American artistic talent. Augusta Savage, Elizabeth Catlett, Lois Mailou Jones, Romare Bearden, Jacob Lawrence and others exhibited in museums and juried art shows, and built reputations and followings for themselves. In the 1950s and 1960s, there were very few widely accepted African American artists. Despite this, The Highwaymen, a loose association of 27 African American artists from Ft. Pierce, Florida, created idyllic, quickly realized images of the Florida landscape and peddled some 50,000 of them from the trunks of their cars. They sold their art directly to the public rather than through galleries and art agents, thus receiving the name The Highwaymen. Rediscovered in the mid-1990s, today they are recognized as an important part of American folk history. Their artwork is widely collected by enthusiasts and original pieces can easily fetch thousands of dollars in auctions and sales. The Black Arts Movement of the 1960s and 1970s was another period of resurgent interest in African American art. During this period, several African-American artists gained national prominence, among them Lou Stovall, Ed Love, Charles White, and Jeff Donaldson. Donaldson and a group of African-American artists formed the Afrocentric collective AFRICOBRA, which remains in existence today. The sculptor Martin Puryear, whose work has been acclaimed for years, is being honored with a 30-year retrospective of his work at the Museum of Modern Art in New York starting November 2007. Notable contemporary African American artists include David Hammons, Eugene J. Martin, Charles Tolliver, and Kara Walker. Literature [pic] Langston Hughes, a notable African American poet of the Harlem Renaissance. African American literature has its roots in the oral traditions of African slaves in America. The slaves used stories and fables in much the same way as they used music. These stories influenced the earliest African American writers and poets in the 18thcentury such as Phillis Wheatley and Olaudah Equiano. These authors reached early high points by telling slave narratives. During the early 20th century Harlem Renaissance, numerous authors and poets, such as Langston Hughes, W. E. B. Dubois, and Booker T. Washington, grappled with how to respond to discrimination in America. Authors during the Civil Rights era, such as Richard Wright, James Baldwin and Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about issues of racial segregation, oppression and other aspects of African American life. This tradition continues today with authors who have been accepted as an integral part of American literature, with works such as Roots: The Saga of an American Family by Alex Haley, The Color Purple by Alice Walker, and Beloved by Nobel Prize-winning Toni Morrison, and series by Octavia Butler and Walter Mosley that have achieved both best-selling and/or award-winning status. Museums The African American Museum Movement emerged during the 1950s and 1960s to preserve the heritage of the African American experience and to ensure its proper interpretation in American history. Museums devoted to African American history are found in many African American neighborhoods. Institutions such as the African American Museum and Library at Oakland and The African American Museum in Cleveland were created by African Americans to teach and investigate cultural history that, until recent decades was primarily preserved trough oral traditions. Language Generations of hardships imposed on the African American community created distinctive language patterns. Slave owners often intentionally mixed people who spoke different African languages to discourage communication in any language other than English. This, combined with prohibitions against education, led to the development of pidgins, simplified mixtures of two or more languages that speakers of different languages could use to communicate. Examples of pidgins that became fully developed languages include Creole, common to Haiti,and Gullah, common to the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia. African American Vernacular English is a type variety (dialect, ethnolect and sociolect) of the American English language closely associated with the speech of but not exclusive to African Americans. While AAVE is academically considered a legitimate dialect because of its logical structure, some of both Caucasians and African Americans consider it slang or the result of a poor command of Standard American English. Inner city African American children who are isolated by speaking only AAVE have more difficulty with standardized testing and, after school, moving to the mainstream world for work. It is common for many speakers of AAVE to code switch between AAVE and Standard American English depending on the setting. Fashion and aesthetics [pic]. A man weaving kente cloth in Ghana. Attire The cultural explosion of the 1960s saw the incorporation of surviving cultural dress with elements from modern fashion and West African traditional clothing to create a uniquely African American traditional style. Kente cloth is the best known African textile. These festive woven patterns, which exist in numerous varieties, were originally made by the Ashanti and Ewe peoples of Ghana and Togo. Kente fabric also appears in a number of Western style fashions ranging from casual t-shirts to formal bow ties and cummerbunds. Kente strips are often sewn into liturgical and academic robes or worn as stoles. Since the Black Arts Movement, traditional African clothing has been popular amongst African Americans for both formal and informal occasions. Another common aspect of fashion in African American culture involves the appropriate dress for worship in the Black church. It is expected in most churches that an individual should present their best appearance for worship. African American women in particular are known for wearing vibrant dresses and suits. An interpretation of a passage from the Christian Bible, every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head , has led to the tradition of wearing elaborate Sunday hats, sometimes known as crowns. Hair Hair styling in African American culture is greatly varied. African American hair is typically composed of tightly coiled curls. The predominant styles for women involve the straightening of the hair through the application of heat or chemical processes. These treatments form the base for the most commonly socially acceptable hairstyles in the United States. Alternatively, the predominant and most socially acceptable practice for men is to leave ones hair natural. Often, as men age and begin to lose their hair, the hair is either closely cropped, or the head is shaved completely free of hair. However, since the 1960s, natural hairstyles, such as the afro, braids, and dreadlocks, have been growing in popularity. Although the association with radical political movements and their vast difference from mainstream Western hairstyles, the styles have not yet attained widespread social acceptance. Maintaining facial hair is more prevalent among African American men than in other male populations in the U. S. In fact, the soul patch is so named because African American men, particularly jazz musicians, popularized the style. The preference for facial hair among African American men is due partly to personal taste, but because they are more prone than other ethnic groups to develop a condition known as pseudofolliculitis barbae, commonly referred to as razor bumps, many prefer not to shave. Body image The European aesthetic and attendant mainstream concepts of beauty are often at odds with the African body form. Because of this, African American women often find themselves under pressure to conform to European standards of beauty. Still, there are individuals and groups who are working towards raising the standing of the African aesthetic among African Americans and internationally as well. This includes efforts toward promoting as models those with clearly defined African features; the mainstreaming of natural hairstyles; and, in women, fuller, more voluptuous body types. Religion While African Americans practice a number of religions, Protestant Christianity is by far the most popular. Additionally, 14% of Muslims in the United States and Canada are African American. Christianity [pic] A river baptism in New Bern, North Carolina near the turn of the 20th century. The religious institutions of African American Christians commonly are referred tocollectively as the black church. During slavery, many slaves were stripped of their African belief systems and typically denied free religious practice. Slaves managed, however, to hang on to some practices by integrating them into Christian worship in secret meetings. These practices, including dance, shouts, African rhythms, and enthusiastic singing, remain a large part of worship in the African American church. African American churches taught that all people were equal in Gods eyes and viewed the doctrine of obedience to ones master taught in white churches as hypocritical. Instead the African American church focused on the message of equality and hopes for a better future. Before and after emancipation, racial segregation in America prompted the development of organized African American denominations. The first of these was the AME Church founded by Richard Allen in 1787. An African American church is not necessarily a separate denomination. Several predominantly African American churches exist as members of predominantly white denominations. African American churches have served to provide African American people with leadership positions and opportunities to organize that were denied in mainstream American society. Because of this, African American pastors became the bridge between the African American and European American communities and thus played a crucial role in the American Civil Rights Movement. Like many Christians, African American Christians sometimes participate in or attend a Christmas play. Black Nativity by Langston Hughes is a re-telling of the classic Nativity story with gospel music. Productions can be found a African American theaters and churches all over the country. Islam [pic] A member of the Nation of Islam selling merchandise on a city street corner. Despite the popular assumption that the Nation represents all or most African American Muslims, less than 2% are members. Generations before the advent of the Atlantic slave trade, Islam was a thriving religion in West Africa due to its peaceful introduction via the lucrative trans-Saharan trade between prominent tribes in the southern Sahara and the Berbers to the North. In his attesting to this fact the West African scholar Cheikh Anta Diop explained: The primary reason for the success of Islam in Black Africaconsequently stems from the fact that it was propagated peacefully at first by solitary Arabo-Berber travelers to certain Black kings and notables, who then spread it about them to those under their jurisdiction Many first-generation slaves were often able to retain their Muslim identity, their descendants were not. Slaves were either forcibly converted to Christianity as was the case in the Catholic lands or were besieged with gross inconviences to their religious practice such as in the case of the Protestant American mainland. In the decades after slavery and particularly during the depression era, Islam reemerged in the form of highly visible and sometimes controversial heterodox movements in the African American community. The first of these of note was the Moorish Science Temple of America, founded by Noble Drew Ali. Ali had a profound influence on Wallace Fard, who later founded the Black nationalist Nation of Islam in 1930. Elijah Muhammad became head of the organization in 1934. Much like Malcolm X, who left the Nation of Islam in 1964, many African American Muslims now follow traditional Islam. A survey by the Council on American-Islamic Relations shows that 30% of Sunni Mosque attendees are African Americans. African American orthodox Muslims are often the victims of stereotypes, most notably the assumption that an African American Muslim is a member of the Nation of Islam. They are often viewed by the uneducated African-American community in general as less authentic than Muslims from the Middle East or South Asia while credibility is less of an issue with immigrant Muslims and Muslim world in general. Other religions. Aside from Christianity and Islam, there are also African Americans who follow Judaism, Buddhism, and a number of other religions. The Black Hebrew Israelites are a collection of African American Jewish religious organizations. Among their varied teachings, they often include that African Americans are descended from the Biblical Hebrews (sometimes with the paradoxical claim that the Jewish people are not). There is a small but growing number of African Americans who participate in African traditional religions, such as Vodou and Santeria or Ifa and diasporic traditions like Rastafarianism. Many of them are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean and South America, where these are practiced. Because of religious practices, such as animal sacrifice, which are no longer common among American religions and are often legally prohibited, these groups may be viewed negatively and are sometimes the victims of harassment. Life events For most African Americans, the observance of life events follows the pattern of mainstream American culture. There are some traditions which are unique to African Americans. Some African Americans have created new rites of passage that are linked to African traditions. Pre-teen and teenage boys and girls take classes to prepare them for adulthood. They are typically taught spirituality, responsibility, and leadership. Most of these programs are modeled after traditional African ceremonies, with the focus largely on embracing African ideologies rather than specific rituals. To this day, some African American couples choose to jump the broom as a part of their wedding ceremony. Although the practice, which can be traced back to Ghana, fell out of favor in the African American community after the end of slavery, it has experienced a slight resurgence in recent years as some couples seek to reaffirm their African heritage. Funeral traditions tend to vary based on a number of factors, including religion and location, but there are a number of commonalities. Probably the most important part of death and dying in the African American culture is the gathering of family and friends. Either in the last days before death or shortly after death, typically any friends and family members that can be reached are notified. This gathering helps to provide spiritual and emotional support, as well as assistance in making decisions and accomplishing everyday tasks. The spirituality of death is very important in African American culture. A member of the clergy or members of the religious community, or both, are typically present with the family through the entire process. Death is often viewed as transitory rather than final. Many services are called homegoings, instead of funerals, based on the belief that the person is going home to the afterlife. The entire end of life process is generally treated as a celebration of life rather than a mourning of loss. This is most notably demonstrated in the New Orleans Jazz Funeral tradition where upbeat music, dancing, and food encourage those gathered to be happy and celebrate the homegoing of a beloved friend. Cuisine [pic] A traditional soul food dinner consisting of fried chicken, candied yams, collard greens, cornbread, and macaroni and cheese. The cultivation and use of many agricultural products in the United States, such as yams, peanuts, rice, okra, sorghum, grits, watermelon, indigo dyes, and cotton, can be traced to African influences. African American foods reflect creative responses to racial and economic oppression and poverty. Under slavery, African Americans were not allowed to eat better cuts of meat, and after emancipation many often were too poor to afford them. Soul food, a hearty cuisine commonly associated with African Americans in the South (but also common to African Americans nationwide), makes creative use of inexpensive products procured through farming and subsistence hunting and fishing.

Bullying and Mass School Shootings Essay -- Mass Shootings in America

Cho poked his head in the room a couple of times and looked around before exiting and entering a different room. The first shots were heard across the hall, in the hydrology class. It sounded like a nail gun or hammer hitting concrete blocks. Suddenly one could hear a pin drop. Abruptly the classroom door burst open and Cho walked in and raised a Glock 9mm handgun. (Friedman) â€Å"Once I got teased, I could see where the anger came from and what can make someone want to kill,† said Stefan Barone, a fourteen year old. (ABC News) The anger and depression is overwhelming and hard to control. There is no doubt that bullying cause’s suicide, and those bullied often commit acts of violence against others. The mental state of mind one reaches when it involves killing another human being is inconceivable. Some claim there’s a choice to kill or not to kill, or to commit suicide or to live and face the consequences for the killings. This isn’t true, once this point has been reached one is no longer in control, it is as if someone else has tied puppet strings to your limbs and you are now transformed into a killer. The stage has already been set and there is little hope to cancel the play and walk away from the final act. Only the help of others and a long-term safety net can help at this point. Imagine turning into someone unrecognizable and watching as your life rips apart, a life that you worked so hard for, because all hope is lost. You have hit the bottom of â€Å"the well of life†, and deep inside this â€Å"well of life† you understand it’s all because of students. School shootings and suicides result from continuous bullying. As a result, after time some side effects of... ...-sedwicks-shows-how-cruel.html> September 13, 2013. (Picture) News Staff. â€Å"Cyberbullying Does Not ‘cause’ Teen Suicide†. October 20, 2012. Ochberg, Frank. â€Å"Why Does America Lead the World in School Shootings?† February 28, 2012. 2012 Roleff, Tamara. Teen Suicide. San, Diego, California: Green Haven Press, Inc., 2000. Print. Russel, Paul. Many Post readers were Bullied. Canada National Post. 2012 Schusterbauer, Emily. Teen Suicide. Framington Hills, Mi: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Serazio, Michael. â€Å"Shooting for Fame: The (Anti-) Social Media of a YouTube Killer† May 29th, 2009. (Picture) White, Marianna. Bullying Blamed for Death. CanWest Media Works Publication Inc, 2011.

Issues on Paying College Athletes

For several years amateurism has posed a big controversy in college sports. Being a professional athlete is making the final cut, this is when athletes get paid for their talents for the use of entertainment. The athletes are given contracts due to their level of skill and performance. College is for students to get an education and prepare for a career. Most athletes attend college to get an education just in case they don†t make it to a professional sport level. College athleticism could be considered a stepping stone, it is a preparation stage for student athletes hoping to move on to the professional level. Many athletes attend college and play sports, but when they get to the professional level, they still aren†t capable of performing as well as expected. This is not the case with every athlete though, some of these young amateurs hit the professional league and explode and achieve beyond their expectations. Some of the collegiate athletes hit the professionals and perform better than experienced veterans. In the light of these facts, the question: â€Å"Should college players be paid? † is often posed. This question has been tossed around for a good number of years. It has probably been discussed since before college basketball players began to leave school early to become pro. As a college athlete I often feel that I deserve something extra, but every time I feel this way I always end up re-evaluating the situation. Once I†ve actually thought through the situation, I usually come to the conclusion that college athletes are already being paid. The education we receive and the experience of earning a college degree has no price value. This is the same thing South Florida coach Seth Greenberg stated when he was asked: â€Å"should college basketball players be paid? † in a series of questions asked by The Tampa Tribune (available at tampabayonline. net/final4/q&a. htm). It is a fact that college athletes generate millions of dollars of revenue for universities, but despite the question, there are very important facts that are overlooked when it comes to discussing this issue. As I stated earlier, it is fact that college athletic programs produce a large sum of money. This money usually comes through television rights fees, bowl games, ticket sales and other means. In light of these facts, many believe that student athletes deserve more than just a scholarship or grant for their efforts. These facts could bring one to conclusion that the financial arrangements between universities and student-athletes are unfairly balanced in the favor of the college institutions. There are many hidden facts that explain the impossibilities to pay our student athletes. At Notre Dame, for example, grants-in-aid to student-athletes are worth about $5 million a annually. Add that to the millions of dollars spent on travel, housing, equipment, health care and several other cost and pretty soon, you are talking about big time money. So, while athletes generate millions of dollars for universities, there are also millions of dollars in expenses, most of which directly assist the student-athletes. Even at smaller colleges that do not generate as much money as the universities, the money generated through the sporting events usually invested in equipment and other necessities for the student-athletes. In other words, it is a two-way street, college athletes are well compensated, in other words well paid already. Without college most of America†s young athletes wouldn†t even get the exposure needed to make an impression on for the professional leagues. The system has been around and working for many years now, the thought of changing the rules to enable college athletes to be paid seems to me as a total act of greed. As stated by Mark ([email  protected] net) in an article found at www. mhoops. com: â€Å"the whole stinking show is rift of greed in my opinion. It is a fact that CBS forks over $3 billion, this is proof (in their minds) that they don†t need to change anything. I feel that if this money were cut, they would change things as quickly as possible. I see athletes being paid in college as a disadvantage, not only to the less wealthy schools who wouldn†t be able to afford the better players, but to the student/athletes as well. I feel that the colleges with the most money, and the wealthiest alumni†s will always have the very best teams in college sports if this happens, this will leave the less wealthy colleges with the bottom of the barrel players. How could you expect the less wealthy schools to ever win? How fair could this rule transition be? Paying players to attend a school is cheating them of the education they would have gotten better at another school to give them a better chance at winning a game of football, basketball, or what ever kind of sport they play. Sports are not promising, any athlete could have a career ending injury at anytime; however, the education they receive will always be able to open doors for them. Another reason why I feel that college athletes shouldn†t be paid is because it is too expensive. Many colleges are not on the best budget. Some barely make enough money to support their team sports. CBS college basketball analyst Bill Packer, in the same Tampa Tribune question series listed above states: â€Å"It†s a moot question (Should college athletes be paid? ). Under Title IX, what colleges do for one sport it has to do for all. Because of that, the funds aren†t available to pay students from each of a school†s athletic programs. Paying [basketball players] is thrown out a lot in discussion, but if people understood the process of Title IX, they would realize paying players would be an impossibility. This is something easily understandable, if colleges could afford this kind of money then they should be able to afford more and better scholarships. College is a place for education. Many people look at the money generated by college sports and start to imply that the athletes bringing this money in should benefit from it. These same people never seem to see that the college athletes already are. If these students were never given scholarships to attend these colleges then they probably wouldn†t be there. The same athletes you see playing the many different sports they play in college, would more than likely be playing these same sports back home in the neighborhood just for fun if they weren†t attending college. This makes you wonder: â€Å"why can†t they play sports in college without being paid? † there isn†t much of a difference. The opportunity to get an education should be enough, too many people get caught up in the money though. The world of sports has changed enormously because of greed. Professionalism is the level when athletes get paid. Paying college players would completely eliminate amateurism. That would make college players professional, but professionals are supposed to be the best of the best, the cream of the crop and all college athletes are not amongst the best: â€Å"so why should they be paid? † Under the article of Title IX, paying one player means paying them all, and paying one sport means paying all sports in an institution, since all collegiate athletes aren†t the best players it seems to be a waist of money. The idea of paying college athletes is very demeaning. Since it is a known fact that many athletes do not go to class, and stay involved in many mix-ups, the idea would only bring forth more comodity. I think paying college athletes would bring in more students who have no purpose in college besides playing sports. This would also affect the population at many schools. I also feel that this would be asking for more incidents and to occur. As many athletes get involved in violations at universities with partying, drinking, and drugs, one would think that these rates would rise with several students who have no intentions on becoming educated on campus. This matter could be stereotypical, but at the same time it is a fact that several athletes drop out, flunk out, or are kicked out of school. My position is to keep them out, and not paying college athletes is one of the major ways to do so. If college athletes begin to get paid everyone will want to attend and for many that would be the only reason. This is not what college is designed for. College is a task, an opportunity, not a job, but it will prepare you for one in the future, if you prove yourself there then you will be paid. The principle is that the only way to eliminate this question would be to pay the college athletes, but that would produce a great decline in the population of education. To perform a task such as; colleges would have to drop all â€Å"scholarship† college sports and allow colleges either to run Division III programs or own minor league teams where the players are paid (under some salary cap) but they wouldn†t need to be college students. That would bring forth the problem of distinguishing: getting the best students in a college and getting the best players. . I think that would take away from our society and economics, leaving us with fewer professionals. College athletes should not be paid, this would eliminate the sole purpose of attending college. Who would attend class.