Thor

Norse Myth V. S Marvel’s Although the most recent movie Thor was very good, it was not accurate at all. In Norse mythology, Thor is associated with a hammer, lightning, storms, oak trees, strength, the protection of mankind, and also hallowing, healing, and fertility. Besides the movie not being accurate there are many differences between Norse mythology and Marvel Comics. In Norse mythology he has his red hair and a red beard. Marvel's Thor has long; flowing golden locks, and is typically clean-shaven.While the Norse Thor prefers to travel in style, the Norse myth travels with his chariot drawn by two magic goats Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjostr. In the movie, Thor was about to ascend to the throne of Asgard, and is tricked by his brother Loki to defy their father Odin. Against Odin's order, Thor travels to Jotunheim to confront Laufey, accompanied by his brother Loki, childhood friend Sif and The Warriors Three; Volstagg, Fandral and Hogun. A battle continues until Odin intervene s to save the Asgardians, destroying the fragile truce between the two races.A big difference between the myths is that the Asgardians, The Warriors Three, really have no place in Norse myth, and wound up a part of the Marvel myths essentially because they thought it would make the story better. For Thor's arrogance, Odin strips his son of his power and exiles him to Earth to live as a mortal. Odin, fearing the plotting of his manipulative son Loki, sends down Thor's hammer Mjollnir affixed with a command that only the man worthy of the throne of Asgard can lift it. Thor must learn wisdom and sacrifice before he can return to his rightful place.In the movie the Mjollnir is one of the few things that are true. He wears a belt that gives him strength, gloves of iron that enable him to handle his hammer. Marvel's Thor has raw power but the Norse myth indicates that Thor needed a magical belt and gloves to give him the strength to use Mjollnir to its full effect. In Marvel's version Tho r only occasionally used those items as strength-boosters. The losing of Thor’s hammer happens in both Marvel and Norse myth. In the movie the hammer is stuck in a rock and the only way to release it is when a man becomes worthy of the throne of Asgard.In Norse myth Thor discovers Trym had stolen his hammer. Trym had hidden the hammer eight stops under the ground. Trym stated he would return the hammer, if he could have the goddess Freyja for his bride. While on Earth, Thor meets the scientist Jane Foster. Against all logic and self-preservation Foster believes Thor when he claims he's a god who has been exiled to Earth. Over the course of the next two days the two fall in love. As they learn of the hammer in a field they set out to get it. Another true thing when comparing both Thor’s is that he is ladies' man.In the movie Thor falls for the mortal nurse Jane Foster and in the Norse myth the Asgardian goddess Sif. A difference in his love life is that Thor in Marvel's story had children in alternate futures, whereas the Norse Thor is the proud of at least three children from his various affairs when married to Sif. Thor's Asgardian friends eventually find their way down to Earth to help him fight off a big metal beast called The Destroyer. He has been ordered to destroy Thor at all costs. Thor's love for Jane and his lessons of humility gives him the power to pull the hammer out.He becomes an immortal warrior and defender of the people saving them from destruction. Thor saves the day in the end but destroys the only known way to travel to the mortal world leaving his love behind. In both Marvel and Norse myth, Asgard is connected to Earth by a bridge called Bifrost, which manifests as multicolored arc in the sky. Their last differences extend to their personalities; Marvel's Thor is a noble hero any of us would feel safe around; the Thor of Norse myth is a fierce warrior with a violent temper, who seems to revel in the slaughter of any who would challenge him.

Angels Demons Chapter 62-63

62 Langdon's progress around his side of the Pantheon was being hampered somewhat by the guide on his heels, now continuing his tireless narration as Langdon prepared to check the final alcove. â€Å"You certainly seem to be enjoying those niches!† the docent said, looking delighted. â€Å"Were you aware that the tapering thickness of the walls is the reason the dome appears weightless?† Langdon nodded, not hearing a word as he prepared to examine another niche. Suddenly someone grabbed him from behind. It was Vittoria. She was breathless and tugging at his arm. From the look of terror on her face, Langdon could only imagine one thing. She found a body. He felt an upswelling of dread. â€Å"Ah, your wife!† the docent exclaimed, clearly thrilled to have another guest. He motioned to her short pants and hiking boots. â€Å"Now you I can tell are American!† Vittoria's eyes narrowed. â€Å"I'm Italian.† The guide's smile dimmed. â€Å"Oh, dear.† â€Å"Robert,† Vittoria whispered, trying to turn her back on the guide. â€Å"Galileo's Diagramma. I need to see it.† â€Å"Diagramma?† the docent said, wheedling back in. â€Å"My! You two certainly know your history! Unfortunately that document is not viewable. It is under secret preservation in the Vatican Arc – â€Å" â€Å"Could you excuse us?† Langdon said. He was confused by Vittoria's panic. He took her aside and reached in his pocket, carefully extracting the Diagramma folio. â€Å"What's going on?† â€Å"What's the date on this thing?† Vittoria demanded, scanning the sheet. The docent was on them again, staring at the folio, mouth agape. â€Å"That's not†¦ really†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Tourist reproduction,† Langdon quipped. â€Å"Thank you for your help. Please, my wife and I would like a moment alone.† The docent backed off, eyes never leaving the paper. â€Å"Date,† Vittoria repeated to Langdon. â€Å"When did Galileo publish†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Langdon pointed to the Roman numeral in the lower liner. â€Å"That's the pub date. What's going on?† Vittoria deciphered the number. â€Å"1639?† â€Å"Yes. What's wrong?† Vittoria's eyes filled with foreboding. â€Å"We're in trouble, Robert. Big trouble. The dates don't match.† â€Å"What dates don't match?† â€Å"Raphael's tomb. He wasn't buried here until 1759. A century after Diagramma was published.† Langdon stared at her, trying to make sense of the words. â€Å"No,† he replied. â€Å"Raphael died in 1520, long before Diagramma.† â€Å"Yes, but he wasn't buried here until much later.† Langdon was lost. â€Å"What are you talking about?† â€Å"I just read it. Raphael's body was relocated to the Pantheon in 1758. It was part of some historic tribute to eminent Italians.† As the words settled in, Langdon felt like a rug had just been yanked out from under him. â€Å"When that poem was written,† Vittoria declared, â€Å"Raphael's tomb was somewhere else. Back then, the Pantheon had nothing at all to do with Raphael!† Langdon could not breathe. â€Å"But that†¦ means†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yes! It means we're in the wrong place!† Langdon felt himself sway. Impossible†¦ I was certain†¦ Vittoria ran over and grabbed the docent, pulling him back. â€Å"Signore, excuse us. Where was Raphael's body in the 1600s?† â€Å"Urb†¦ Urbino,† he stammered, now looking bewildered. â€Å"His birthplace.† â€Å"Impossible!† Langdon cursed to himself. â€Å"The Illuminati altars of science were here in Rome. I'm certain of it!† â€Å"Illuminati?† The docent gasped, looking again at the document in Langdon's hand. â€Å"Who are you people?† Vittoria took charge. â€Å"We're looking for something called Santi's earthly tomb. In Rome. Can you tell us what that might be?† The docent looked unsettled. â€Å"This was Raphael's only tomb in Rome.† Langdon tried to think, but his mind refused to engage. If Raphael's tomb wasn't in Rome in 1655, then what was the poem referring to? Santi's earthly tomb with demon's hole? What the hell is it? Think! â€Å"Was there another artist called Santi?† Vittoria asked. The docent shrugged. â€Å"Not that I know of.† â€Å"How about anyone famous at all? Maybe a scientist or a poet or an astronomer named Santi?† The docent now looked like he wanted to leave. â€Å"No, ma'am. The only Santi I've ever heard of is Raphael the architect.† â€Å"Architect?† Vittoria said. â€Å"I thought he was a painter!† â€Å"He was both, of course. They all were. Michelangelo, da Vinci, Raphael.† Langdon didn't know whether it was the docent's words or the ornate tombs around them that brought the revelation to mind, but it didn't matter. The thought occurred. Santi was an architect. From there the progression of thoughts fell like dominoes. Renaissance architects lived for only two reasons – to glorify God with big churches, and to glorify dignitaries with lavish tombs. Santi's tomb. Could it be? The images came faster now†¦ da Vinci's Mona Lisa. Monet's Water Lilies. Michelangelo's David. Santi's earthly tomb†¦ â€Å"Santi designed the tomb,† Langdon said. Vittoria turned. â€Å"What?† â€Å"It's not a reference to where Raphael is buried, it's referring to a tomb he designed.† â€Å"What are you talking about?† â€Å"I misunderstood the clue. It's not Raphael's burial site we're looking for, it's a tomb Raphael designed for someone else. I can't believe I missed it. Half of the sculpting done in Renaissance and Baroque Rome was for the funeraries.† Langdon smiled with the revelation. â€Å"Raphael must have designed hundreds of tombs!† Vittoria did not look happy. â€Å"Hundreds?† Langdon's smile faded. â€Å"Oh.† â€Å"Any of them earthly, professor?† Langdon felt suddenly inadequate. He knew embarrassingly little about Raphael's work. Michelangelo he could have helped with, but Raphael's work had never captivated him. Langdon could only name a couple of Raphael's more famous tombs, but he wasn't sure what they looked like. Apparently sensing Langdon's stymie, Vittoria turned to the docent, who was now inching away. She grabbed his arm and reeled him in. â€Å"I need a tomb. Designed by Raphael. A tomb that could be considered earthly.† The docent now looked distressed. â€Å"A tomb of Raphael's? I don't know. He designed so many. And you probably would mean a chapel by Raphael, not a tomb. Architects always designed the chapels in conjunction with the tomb.† Langdon realized the man was right. â€Å"Are any of Raphael's tombs or chapels considered earthly?† The man shrugged. â€Å"I'm sorry. I don't know what you mean. Earthly really doesn't describe anything I know of. I should be going.† Vittoria held his arm and read from the top line of the folio. â€Å"From Santi's earthly tomb with demon's hole. Does that mean anything to you?† â€Å"Not a thing.† Langdon looked up suddenly. He had momentarily forgotten the second part of the line. Demon's hole? â€Å"Yes!† he said to the docent. â€Å"That's it! Do any of Raphael's chapels have an oculus in them?† The docent shook his head. â€Å"To my knowledge the Pantheon is unique.† He paused. â€Å"But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"But what!† Vittoria and Langdon said in unison. Now the docent cocked his head, stepping toward them again. â€Å"A demon's hole?† He muttered to himself and picked at his teeth. â€Å"Demon's hole†¦ that is†¦ buco divolo?† Vittoria nodded. â€Å"Literally, yes.† The docent smiled faintly. â€Å"Now there's a term I have not heard in a while. If I'm not mistaken, a buco divolo refers to an undercroft.† â€Å"An undercroft?† Langdon asked. â€Å"As in a crypt?† â€Å"Yes, but a specific kind of crypt. I believe a demon's hole is an ancient term for a massive burial cavity located in a chapel†¦ underneath another tomb.† â€Å"An ossuary annex?† Langdon demanded, immediately recognizing what the man was describing. The docent looked impressed. â€Å"Yes! That is the term I was looking for!† Langdon considered it. Ossuary annexes were a cheap ecclesiastic fix to an awkward dilemma. When churches honored their most distinguished members with ornate tombs inside the sanctuary, surviving family members often demanded the family be buried together†¦ thus ensuring they too would have a coveted burial spot inside the church. However, if the church did not have space or funds to create tombs for an entire family, they sometimes dug an ossuary annex – a hole in the floor near the tomb where they buried the less worthy family members. The hole was then covered with the Renaissance equivalent of a manhole cover. Although convenient, the ossuary annex went out of style quickly because of the stench that often wafted up into the cathedral. Demon's hole, Langdon thought. He had never heard the term. It seemed eerily fitting. Langdon's heart was now pounding fiercely. From Santi's earthly tomb with demon's hole. There seemed to be only one question left to ask. â€Å"Did Raphael design any tombs that had one of these demon's holes?† The docent scratched his head. â€Å"Actually. I'm sorry†¦ I can only think of one.† Only one? Langdon could not have dreamed of a better response. â€Å"Where!† Vittoria almost shouted. The docent eyed them strangely. â€Å"It's called the Chigi Chapel. Tomb of Agostino Chigi and his brother, wealthy patrons of the arts and sciences.† â€Å"Sciences?† Langdon said, exchanging looks with Vittoria. â€Å"Where?† Vittoria asked again. The docent ignored the question, seeming enthusiastic again to be of service. â€Å"As for whether or not the tomb is earthly, I don't know, but certainly it is†¦ shall we say differente.† â€Å"Different?† Langdon said. â€Å"How?† â€Å"Incoherent with the architecture. Raphael was only the architect. Some other sculptor did the interior adornments. I can't remember who.† Langdon was now all ears. The anonymous Illuminati master, perhaps? â€Å"Whoever did the interior monuments lacked taste,† the docent said. â€Å"Dio mio! Atrocits! Who would want to be buried beneath piramides?† Langdon could scarcely believe his ears. â€Å"Pyramids? The chapel contains pyramids?† â€Å"I know,† the docent scoffed. â€Å"Terrible, isn't it?† Vittoria grabbed the docent's arm. â€Å"Signore, where is this Chigi Chapel?† â€Å"About a mile north. In the church of Santa Maria del Popolo.† Vittoria exhaled. â€Å"Thank you. Let's – â€Å" â€Å"Hey,† the docent said, â€Å"I just thought of something. What a fool I am.† Vittoria stopped short. â€Å"Please don't tell me you made a mistake.† He shook his head. â€Å"No, but it should have dawned on me earlier. The Chigi Chapel was not always known as the Chigi. It used to be called Capella della Terra.† â€Å"Chapel of the Land?† Langdon asked. â€Å"No,† Vittoria said, heading for the door. â€Å"Chapel of the Earth.† Vittoria Vetra whipped out her cell phone as she dashed into Piazza della Rotunda. â€Å"Commander Olivetti,† she said. â€Å"This is the wrong place!† Olivetti sounded bewildered. â€Å"Wrong? What do you mean?† â€Å"The first altar of science is at the Chigi Chapel!† â€Å"Where?† Now Olivetti sounded angry. â€Å"But Mr. Langdon said – â€Å" â€Å"Santa Maria del Popolo! One mile north. Get your men over there now! We've got four minutes!† â€Å"But my men are in position here! I can't possibly – â€Å" â€Å"Move!† Vittoria snapped the phone shut. Behind her, Langdon emerged from the Pantheon, dazed. She grabbed his hand and pulled him toward the queue of seemingly driverless taxis waiting by the curb. She pounded on the hood of the first car in line. The sleeping driver bolted upright with a startled yelp. Vittoria yanked open the rear door and pushed Langdon inside. Then she jumped in behind him. â€Å"Santa Maria del Popolo,† she ordered. â€Å"Presto!† Looking delirious and half terrified, the driver hit the accelerator, peeling out down the street. 63 Gunther Glick had assumed control of the computer from Chinita Macri, who now stood hunched in the back of the cramped BBC van staring in confusion over Glick's shoulder. â€Å"I told you,† Glick said, typing some more keys. â€Å"The British Tattler isn't the only paper that runs stories on these guys.† Macri peered closer. Glick was right. The BBC database showed their distinguished network as having picked up and run six stories in the past ten years on the brotherhood called the Illuminati. Well, paint me purple, she thought. â€Å"Who are the journalists who ran the stories,† Macri asked. â€Å"Schlock jocks?† â€Å"BBC doesn't hire schlock jocks.† â€Å"They hired you.† Glick scowled. â€Å"I don't know why you're such a skeptic. The Illuminati are well documented throughout history.† â€Å"So are witches, UFOs, and the Loch Ness Monster.† Glick read the list of stories. â€Å"You ever heard of a guy called Winston Churchill?† â€Å"Rings a bell.† â€Å"BBC did a historical a while back on Churchill's life. Staunch Catholic by the way. Did you know that in 1920 Churchill published a statement condemning the Illuminati and warning Brits of a worldwide conspiracy against morality?† Macri was dubious. â€Å"Where did it run? In the British Tattler?† Glick smiled. â€Å"London Herald. February 8, 1920.† â€Å"No way.† â€Å"Feast your eyes.† Macri looked closer at the clip. London Herald. Feb. 8, 1920. I had no idea. â€Å"Well, Churchill was a paranoid.† â€Å"He wasn't alone,† Glick said, reading further. â€Å"Looks like Woodrow Wilson gave three radio broadcasts in 1921 warning of growing Illuminati control over the U.S. banking system. You want a direct quote from the radio transcript?† â€Å"Not really.† Glick gave her one anyway. â€Å"He said, ‘There is a power so organized, so subtle, so complete, so pervasive, that none had better speak above their breath when they speak in condemnation of it.' â€Å" â€Å"I've never heard anything about this.† â€Å"Maybe because in 1921 you were just a kid.† â€Å"Charming.† Macri took the jab in stride. She knew her years were showing. At forty-three, her bushy black curls were streaked with gray. She was too proud for dye. Her mom, a Southern Baptist, had taught Chinita contentedness and self-respect. When you're a black woman, her mother said, ain't no hiding what you are. Day you try, is the day you die. Stand tall, smile bright, and let 'em wonder what secret's making you laugh. â€Å"Ever heard of Cecil Rhodes?† Glick asked. Macri looked up. â€Å"The British financier?† â€Å"Yeah. Founded the Rhodes Scholarships.† â€Å"Don't tell me – â€Å" â€Å"Illuminatus.† â€Å"BS.† â€Å"BBC, actually. November 16, 1984.† â€Å"We wrote that Cecil Rhodes was Illuminati?† â€Å"Sure did. And according to our network, the Rhodes Scholarships were funds set up centuries ago to recruit the world's brightest young minds into the Illuminati.† â€Å"That's ridiculous! My uncle was a Rhodes Scholar!† Glick winked. â€Å"So was Bill Clinton.† Macri was getting mad now. She had never had tolerance for shoddy, alarmist reporting. Still, she knew enough about the BBC to know that every story they ran was carefully researched and confirmed. â€Å"Here's one you'll remember,† Glick said. â€Å"BBC, March 5, 1998. Parliament Committee Chair, Chris Mullin, required all members of British Parliament who were Masons to declare their affiliation.† Macri remembered it. The decree had eventually extended to include policemen and judges as well. â€Å"Why was it again?† Glick read. â€Å"†¦ concern that secret factions within the Masons exerted considerable control over political and financial systems.† â€Å"That's right.† â€Å"Caused quite a bustle. The Masons in parliament were furious. Had a right to be. The vast majority turned out to be innocent men who joined the Masons for networking and charity work. They had no clue about the brotherhood's past affiliations.† â€Å"Alleged affiliations.† â€Å"Whatever.† Glick scanned the articles. â€Å"Look at this stuff. Accounts tracing the Illuminati back to Galileo, the Guerenets of France, the Alumbrados of Spain. Even Karl Marx and the Russian Revolution.† â€Å"History has a way of rewriting itself.† â€Å"Fine, you want something current? Have a look at this. Here's an Illuminati reference from a recent Wall Street Journal.† This caught Macri's ear. â€Å"The Journal?† â€Å"Guess what the most popular Internet computer game in America is right now?† â€Å"Pin the tail on Pamela Anderson.† â€Å"Close. It's called, Illuminati: New World Order.† Macri looked over his shoulder at the blurb. â€Å"Steve Jackson Games has a runaway hit†¦ a quasi-historical adventure in which an ancient satanic brotherhood from Bavaria sets out to take over the world. You can find them on-line at†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Macri looked up, feeling ill. â€Å"What do these Illuminati guys have against Christianity?† â€Å"Not just Christianity,† Glick said. â€Å"Religion in general.† Glick cocked his head and grinned. â€Å"Although from the phone call we just got, it appears they do have a special spot in their hearts for the Vatican.† â€Å"Oh, come on. You don't really think that guy who called is who he claims to be, do you?† â€Å"A messenger of the Illuminati? Preparing to kill four cardinals?† Glick smiled. â€Å"I sure hope so.†

Reflection Paper in Terms of What I Learned in Software Access 2010 Essay

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Drunk Drivers Should Be Imprisoned on their first offense - Essay Example Because of this drastically increased risk of death, it is the assertion of this particular author that the penalties for drunk driving must be increased significantly. One such effective mechanism through which drunk driving can be ameliorated is to change the dynamics of the criminal justice system so that the penalty for doing it becomes so severe that individuals will reconsider whether it is ultimately worth it risk driving themselves or whether they should opt instead for the inconvenience and potentially more expensive alternative of arranging alternate means of transportation. Within such an understanding, it is the belief of this particular analyst that if the penalty for first offense drunk driving was mandatory prison time, the dynamic that is exhibited throughout the United States would significantly shift; promoting safer roads and protecting the lives of thousands that might otherwise be victim to the loss of life, paralysis, and injury that tens of thousands of drunk d rivers cause each and every year. The most important rationale behind seeking to increase the penalties for drunk driving has to do with the impulse and nature of the crime itself. As with many crimes, narcissism and the desire to promote one’s own needs and goals above that of society is the root cause of drunk driving. Within such an understanding, the reader can appropriately note that mandatory prison sentences for first time offenders may very well promote two approaches to the dynamic that has been described. Firstly, it will engage the potential drunk driver with an understanding that their own narcissistic goals are not maximized by taking the profound risk of facing a mandatory prison sentence if they are caught (Friel, 2005). Secondly, it provides those individuals that are caught, prosecuted and imprisoned with valuable time to consider the misdeeds that they have done and rehabilitate themselves via an enforced and

How accurate is it to suggest that the Labour goverment promised much Essay

How accurate is it to suggest that the Labour goverment promised much but delivered little in terms of social policy during their period in office from 1964 - 1970 - Essay Example The lack of delivery and the inability to create the necessary changes to those who were interested in social policy was one which led to expected alterations; however, this changed to theoretical alterations instead of practical solutions for the country. The social policy which took place in the 1960s was based specifically on the alterations which were happening in society and the need to alter what was occurring with the economy and political status. The economic and political alterations led to welfare states that needed to be approached, specifically with the social beliefs that were from the lower class. The social constraints which followed the economic and political status were consistent with unequal rights which were taking place in the work region and which were based on the need to change the status of those in society. The movement from industrialization and into the modern era was the main force which caused the social rights to become a part of the economic and governmental association. The shocks which were occurring during this time led to a combination of economic and social changes, all which were meant to redefine the status of individual’s within society while promoting equal rights within the nation (Scha rpf, Schmidt, 2000: 19). The main association with social policies that were created during this time was a bridge to the modern belief systems that are currently a part of the governmental and economic order. From the 1960s to the 1980s there was a third order and second order change which occurred. The policies were based on taking basic human and social rights and moving them into the main institutions, specifically to protect the rights of workers in the region. The change was one which pushed to develop new tools that would enhance the human rights of those in the work space while adding in goals and alterations for the social movement that

Future Municipal Financial Viability in Canada Essay

Future Municipal Financial Viability in Canada - Essay Example Definitely, I feel that municipal financial viability is an issue since improper tabling of policies may result to a negative business effect. For instance, the direct impact on Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises by municipality policies on property valuation, user charge collection, and collection of levies makes businesses end up bearing not only the intended costs, which in this case are actual payment of services to a municipality, but also the unintended costs, which include effort and time required for tax administration. To add on policies pertaining to revenue, expenditure-related policies may also affect finances generated by businesses in a municipality. This, as a result, may lead to a positive or negative impact on SMMEs through regulation of supply chain management, and preferred procurement as well as credit control. Additionally, there are other challenges facing developing countries in the commonwealth in local government revenue terms. These include weak revenue ba se for local government leading to weak central government revenue base and lack of a municipal’s own revenue sources, which brings up inappropriate composition of revenues, especially balancing between grants and own revenue resources. Further, the way they interact and autonomous revenues where strong central control is posed on local government revenues is a challenge as well. Municipalities have several responsibilities. First, they have the function to ensure urban and town planning, and regulate use of land and building construction. Moreover, they must ensure economic and social development planning, fire services, ensuring supply of water for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes. A municipality relies heavily on revenues generated through taxation and user charges/fees. It too heavily depends on transfers from central government and/or contribution from donors. These factors will significantly determine the future municipal financial viability in Canada (Sanct on and Young, 2009). Some of the strategies, which should be employed to ensure proper municipal financial viability, are as follows. First, the intergovernmental fiscal transfers’ reform program should be implemented. These reforms focus on simplifying and rationalizing transfers to municipalities and introducing a period of allocation of these transfers to stabilize municipal budgeting processes by improving predictability. Second is transparency, which opens access to information about how municipal finances are managed will give a clear outlook to every citizen allowing no room for misuse. Third, the program of budget reform which greatly focuses on improving allocation of resource planning and management. Further, having accountable decision-makers who can accept responsibility for their own actions and using contestability as a competition tool to achieve money value. It is essential to come up with a municipal support program to provide technical assistance to municipa lities in financial management areas. Bringing up new, legislated and refined national policies aimed at improving the flexibility of the legal framework within a municipality resulting to improved leadership, management and accountability in municipal governments could play a key role. Still revenue enhancement program nationally coordinated and aiming at assist municipalities with revenue

Fashion Waves in Information System Research Article

Fashion Waves in Information System Research - Article Example However, there are many that state that the information research is not based on the newest innovations and ideas as most expect. Instead, it is a fashion wave, or fad, that continues to emerge in society and among institutes. This is based on needing to manage and continuously create new ideas, information and components without providing newer innovations to the audience. The examination of information research theories shows that fashion waves and fads are stronger elements than the expected elements of innovation. The challenge then becomes based on questioning the management of information research as well as the processes which are used to create and alter the available information research. This research paper will examine the theories based on fashion waves and information research. It will also examine a magazine which provides IS and determine if there are fashion waves, specifically in areas such as decision making, end user computing, management of IS, innovation and impl ementation. When looking at these aspects, there is an indication that fashion waves emerge dependent on the decade, interest in theories and topics which create a response from culture, as opposed to providing new information and segmented research that is required for a given time. Keywords: information research, IS, management of information, research management 1.0 Introduction ... This research paper will examine whether there are fashion trends as well as what impact these have in emerging information research. These will be furthered with an understanding of how this is impacting information research and what this means in terms of growth and development for information services. From empirical evidence and various theories, it is found that fashion waves are based on cultural affiliations and trends, as opposed to true innovation and research. Various areas of interest continue to emerge while creating interest not based on the information research but instead through trends that are popular and of interest toward each time frame. 2.0 Background The concept of fashion waves and fads in information services is one which has been examined and redefined by a variety of theorists. This literature review will look at the definitions and examination of fashion and fads as well as how this is affected by literature. This will be combined with an understanding of t he different theories which have expanded on this idea and how this relates to the different concepts of information services. The background will look at the theories which continue to affect the idea of fashion and the trends which are a part of the IS areas, specifically with justifications of this particular area of study as well as how the different fashion trends in IS continue to prevail with the trends that are continuing to lead the information services area. 2.1 Fashion in Research’s Definition The concept of information services and research is one which is traditionally looked at with opportunities, innovation and building into new ideologies

Projet 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Projet 4 - Essay Example The variances reflected the amount that needed to be earmarked for the vacation in Hawaii, life insurance of children, and the funds needed for the Christmas vacation, as identified under financial goals (Part 1). When these were not yet reflected in the Income and Expenses Statement for September, there was a surplus of $750. However, given that additional savings were needed for the planned expenses, no surplus was therefore reflected for October. Discuss what you learned about the budgeting process from this exercise and whether you feel you need to make any adjustments to your monthly budget. I realized that to finance planned vacations and other financial needs, the family needs to earmark an exact amount per month to save for these projected expenses. As shown from our comparative income and expense statements, the additional savings wiped our any surplus previously reflected. In this regard, in order to have a surplus amount, we should review some financial accounts and make l ittle adjustments in our monthly budget. The budget for food allowance, transportation and miscellaneous could be adjusted to give way for surplus in the future statements. B. Retirement Savings Needs In estimating the retirement savings needs, a quick response to the Ballpark Estimate indicates that â€Å"Based on the assumptions you entered, you have now saved enough to allow you to replace 6 percent of your final wages (this includes income from Social Security). The percentage of total salary you will need to save from now until retirement age to achieve your desired income replacement rate is 140 percent. The dollar amount you will need to save this year is $46,924† (Choose to Save, 2011). Information from the Social Security Online indicated that for Retirement, â€Å"Your estimated monthly benefit amount, beginning at age 62 and 1 month in 2040, is $2,729.00. For your estimate, we assumed future increases in prices or earnings† (Social Security Online, 2011). Th is information indicate that I need to earmark more funds for savings for my retirement. At the current monthly salary being received, the projected monthly benefit from the Social Security is only $2,729, which is below what I currently receive from my salary. Given that I do not need to support our children at that age, I still need to support and sustain daily living needs, including health and medications. C. Revised Goals Worksheet A. Describe the Goal B. Dollar Amount Required? C. Deadline Date? D. Date to Start Saving?   Number of Months to Save? (C - D) Monthly Savings Amount Long term goals: Vacation in Hawaii Retirement Fund $5000 $32,400 Dec. 2012 Jan. 2012 Oct. 2011 Dec. 2038 16 months 324 months $312.50 $100 Intermediate LT Goals Life insurance for the children $3000 Oct. 2016 Oct. 2011 60 months $50 Short Term Goals House fund Christmas vacation Summer

Play Macbeth by WIlliam Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Play Macbeth by WIlliam Shakespeare Essay The play Macbeth was written by WIlliam Shakespeare in the 1600s. The whole play revolves around the theme of power. The theme of power is shown through ambition, betrayal and revenge using the symbolisms of sleep and blood. William Shakespeare used the issue of ambition to portray power in Macbeth. Macbeth was driven by his ambition of gaining power. Macbeths hunger for power made him blond to the atrocities and iniquitous deeds he was performing. In Act 1 Scene 7 Macbeth is stating that ambition was his only motivation to kill Duncan. I have no spur To prick the sides of my intent,but only Vaulting ambition which oerleaps itself And falls on thother. Shakespeare used a horse metaphor to show the conflict of emotions in Macbeths mind.Macbeth thinks of his purpose to kill Duncan as a cavalry horse:but he has no motive to urge it into action so it stands still. Macbeths ambition is pictured as a rider springing into his saddle who overleaps himself and falls on the other side of his steed.Macbeth means that his ambition to be king would inevitably lead him too far. The quote is effective in defining Macbeths drive to ambition. Ambition is used by Macbeth to take the power from Duncan. William Shakespeare used the issue of betrayal to portray power in Macbeth. The issue of betrayal is shown throughout the play from the start when the Thane of Cawdor betrayed Duncan. Macbeth betrayed Duncan,his guest,king and relative by killing him to take the crown of Scotland. Macbeth betrayed his friend and colleague Banquo who stayed by his side when they were fighting against the Norwegians. Macbeth also betrayed Lady Macbeth his wife by dismissing her from formal duties. In Act 1 Scene 7 Macbeth is telling lady macbeth to hide their knowings of duncans murder under an innocent face. Away,and mock the time with the fairest show, False face must hide what the false heart doth know. Shakespeare used an iambic Pentameter to lend dignity and presence to Macbeth after his devious plans to kill Duncan. The quote is effective in showing that Macbeth would betray his king and guest and act innocent with the devious plan in his mind and stoop low just to gain what he wanted. Betrayal i s the weapon that Macbeth used to gain power. The issue of revenge was used by William Shakespeare to show power in Macbeth. Revenge was shown from the start of the play when the witches got revenge on the sailors wife who didnt give the witches any chestnuts. Banquo got his revenge on Macbeth when he came back as a ghost and frightened Macbeth as well as embarrassing him in front of other thanes. Macduff got his revenge by killing Macbeth who slaughtered his family. In act 4 scene 3 malcolm comforts macduff who heard that his family was slaughtered by Macbeth by telling him to make revenge his medicine to cure his grief. lets make us medcines of our great revenge To cure this deadly grief Malcolm is telling Macduff to make the revenge on Macbeth, a medicine that would cure his grief. Malcolm is implying that revenge is sweet. The quote is effective in showing that macduffs revenge on Macbeth was to cure his own grief caused by Macbeth. Revenge was the issue which made one person to rise up or fall down. Blood was a symbolism which helped to symbolize the issues that shows power in Macbeth. The word blood occurs frequently throughout the play. In act 1 scene 2, the wounded captain told a report which described the bloody war. Blood was also related to guilt after after macbeth had murdered Duncan. Once Macbeth and lady Macbeth embark upon their murderous journey, blood comes to symbolize their guilt, and they begin to feel like their crimes have stained them in a way that cannot be washed clean. Blood symbolizes the guilt that sits like a permanent stain on the consciences of both Macbeth and lady Macbeth, one that hounds them to their graves. The enormity of Macbeths crime has awakened in him a powerful sense of guilt that will hound him throughout the play.

Classical Criminology Theory Essay Example for Free

Classical Criminology Theory Essay What is the classical school of criminology and what are the main points of this theory. Cesare Beccaria was a key thinker of this theory and is also considered by some the founder of modern criminology. Classical school of criminology theory placed emphasis on human rationality and free will. Second off this theory unlike the others researched the prevention of crime not the criminals. Also, according to this theory, crime was the result of people choosing to do so with the possibility of the consequences be evident. The classical theory of Beccaria and others is what our constitution was based upon so as you can see, it has great significance to our society. Humans are believed to act in their own best interests. We have our own free will and we also have a rational side to us. This was the basis of the classical criminology theory. Being the case, this theory emphasized laws that would stress non criminal actions would be in the best interest of society. Punishment and deterrence was an important factor in this theory because the punishment had to reinforce deterrence so people could rationalize the self benefits of criminality from the consequences of criminality. Due to the fact that Beccaria believed that bad laws led to criminality, a lot of his emphasis was based on preventing crime and swift punishment when crime was committed. In his eyes punishment is justified only to defend the peace of society and that society would be motivated to abide by it. This meant that punishment was to treat the criminal, incapacitate them from repeating criminal acts and deter would be criminals. To incorporate these ideas Beccaria believed that punishment should be swift, certain, deterrence, proportional to the crime, clear and based on positive and negative reinforcement. Swift punishment is believed to deter the most. According to Beccaria, when punishment promptly follows the crime, the punishment will be reinforced in a persons mind before they act criminally. A certain punishment is also a form of deterrence because the less would be criminals think they can get a way with, the more they will weigh in the consequences of that action. General deterrence is used for the purpose of setting and example for society. Laws should also be clear I defining  crimes. This will prevent judges from interpreting the law and only allow them to decide if the law has been broken. Lastly, the most effective way in preventing crime is to enact clear laws that reward good behavior and punish bad behavior. The theory of proportionality is another relationship between crime and punishment. The belief is that punishment can only deter if the punishment is proportional to the crime. The punishment must coincide with the crime in that the more serious the crime the more serious the punishment. Lastly, punishment existed to deter people from committing crime and the punishment should out way the gains of committing the act. Beccaria was a believer in that crime was due to unjust laws not because of the people committing the acts. fit the crime. He argued that if the punishment was more excessive than the crime it would be an abuse of power by the state and it would also create more crime. Beccaria was considered the founder of the classical school of criminology. He emphasized human rationality and free will, preventing crime and deterrence of crime. The classical criminology theory was different from the other theories that were introduced to us because it focused on the reasons why people commit crimes not on the deviant behaviors themselves. Beccaria and his followers had a great impact on our country it is what our constitution and current laws are based upon. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Cesare Beccaria. http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/b/beccaria.htm Keel, Robert. Rational Choice and Deterrence Theory. http://www.umsl.edu/~rkeel/200/ratchoc.html Siegel, Larry. Criminology. Canada: Thomas Learning, Inc, 2003.

Environmental Studies Essays | Biomass Energy

Environmental Studies Essays | Biomass Energy Biomass Energy The use of biomass energy as a wide spread, renewable power source provided with proper knowledge, state control and technological how-to, can change both the earths environment and our attitude towards alternative power resources. To understand how this can happen, the basics of what biomass energy is and how it works have to be presented. All organic matter, such as agricultural residue, wood and animal waste, energy crops, and methane, is a potential source for biomass energy (http://www.mna.hkr.se/~ene02p10/biomass.htm). Biomass energy can be produced by either growing crops especially for this purpose (i.e. sugarcane, soya bean, corn, sweet potato, maize, willow and eucalyptus trees), or converting organic waste (http://www.inforse.org/europe/dieret/Biomass/biomass.html). The organic matter can be burned to produce heat, like the wood fire of old, or they can produce ethanol or other alcoholic fuels (http://www.mna.hkr.se/~ene02p10/biomass.htm). There are differing opinions betw een respectable scientific communities and one has to analyze the different arguments for and against the use of biomass energy in order to make an informed decision concerning biomass energy. There are a number of arguments advocating the use of biomass energy. As we see an increase of the greenhouse effect, the trend is to start using renewable power sources. Because in order for biomass energy to be produced needs only organic matter and no chemical is needed for its production, it qualifies as a clean renewable power source. For these reasons, biomass energy generates far less air emissions than fossil fuels. Methane, a more powerful greenhouse gas, can be used for the production of biomass energy thereby decreasing the methane levels in the atmosphere. Biomass materials are often waste products from existing industrial activities that would otherwise be disposed ofat considerable cost. For example, if you burn unusable waste material such as bark, construction waste and tree clippings, you reduce the pressure to expand local landfill sites while generating useful energy (http://www.canren.gc.ca/tech_appl/index.asp?CaId=2PgId=62). Biomass energy decreases the reliance on fossil fuels that may be imported, and whose price therefore is subject to variable economic and/or political issues. Bioenergy has a generally positive impact on the local economy. Biofuels are bulky and have a low-energy density so it is not economical to transport them long distances. As a result, the money spent to purchase biofuels generally remains in the local area (http://www.canren.gc.ca/tech_appl/index.asp?CaId=2PgId=62). As biomass energy is produced locally, it creates thousands of jobs at a local scale as it is labor intensive to create biomass energy. As such, the production of biomass energy helps revitalize rural communities. Extra income without an investment in special equipment can be derived from the collection of agricultural residues, such as straw or corn stover, or from the removal of dead, diseased or low-quality trees from forests. However, there are arguments that contradict those above. Scientists found that reforestation would sequester between two and nine times as much carbon over 30 years than would be saved by burning biofuels instead of gasoline. You get far more carbon sequestered by planting forests than you avoid emissions by producing biofuels on the same land says a prominents scientist (http://environment.newscientist.com/article/dn12496-forget-biofuelsburn-oil-and-plant-forests-instead.html). The unsustainable and uncontrolled conversion of natural and even virgin ecosystems into managed energy plantations in order to produce material suitable for biomass energy, can lead to the release of carbon from the soil as a result of the accelerated decay of organic matter. (http://www.ecology.com/archived-links/biomass-energy/index.html). It has been established that since the beginning of farming the soybean in Brazil, seven million hectares of the Amazonian rainforest have been converted into energy pl antations. Thus, the concerns that environmentalists have expressed about the destruction of the forests in order to make room for biomass crops, such as maize and sugarcane, have been realized. Says, Renton Righelato of the World Land Trust, a conservation agency that seeks to preserve rainforests, When you do this, you immediately release between 100 and 200 tonnes of carbon [per hectare] (http://environment.newscientist.com/article/dn12496-forget-biofuelsburn-oil-and-plant-forests-instead.html). Another by-product of the planting of crops suitable for the production of biomass energy is the loss of biodiversity. Transforming natural ecosystems into energy plantations with a very small number of crops, as few as one, can drastically reduce the biodiversity of a region. Such monocultures lack the balance achieved by a diverse ecosystem, and are susceptible to widespread damage by pests or disease (http://www.ecology.com/archived-links/biomass-energy/index.html). Another important argument is that there simply may not be enough land to grow energy crops and food crops simultaneously. According to a UK survey, the most productive energy crop in the UK is rapeseed and the average yield is 3-3.5 tons per hectare and one ton of rapeseed produces 415 kg of biodiesel, so every hectare of arable land could provide 1.45 tons of transport fuel. Road transport in the UK consumes 37.6m tons of petroleum products a year (http://www.sovereignty.org.uk/features/eco/fuelines.html). The total hectares needed to be planted in order to produce the biodiesel quantity of equal to 37.6m tons of fossil fuel would be roughly 25.9m hectares. The UK does not have this much arable land. In the case of Brazil, Alexandre Conceicao, a member of the MST (Landless Workers Movement), pointed out the orientation was towards the global market concerning energy crop plantations with no regard to the domestic production of food (http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38051). So, th ere might not be any reliance on foreign fossil fuels, but there may be reliance on foreign food exporters. There are also arguments against the intended location of future energy crop plantations. There has been the suggestion that by converting arable land in Africa into energy crop plantations, both global warming would be tackled and Africans would be helped. It was said that this strategy, provides a sustainable development path for the many African countries that can produce biofuels cheaply (http://www.sovereignty.org.uk/features/eco/fuelines.html). Although palm oil can produce four times as much biodiesel per hectare as rapeseed and is grown in places where labor is cheap, planting it is already one of the worlds major causes of tropical forest destruction (http://www.sovereignty.org.uk/features/eco/fuelines.html). It is obvious that the production of biomass energy in this manner would entail serious environmental consequences. The possible creation of jobs has also come under doubt. There have been protests in Brazil about the slavery conditions that the sugar cane plantation workers face. The social cost of this policy is the overexploitation of labour with an army of seasonal workers who cut one ton of sugar cane for 2.50 reals (1.28 dollars) in precarious conditions which have already caused the deaths of hundreds of workers, says Alexandre Conceicao of the MST (http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38051). Camilla Moreno of the Rural University of Rio de Janeiro said that, the growth of the ethanol industry is breathing life into a modern-day version of the sugar plantation slave-labour past, along with the expansion of a new form of ecological imperialism. Moreno pointed out that large tracts of land have been purchased by international (largely U.S. and European) investment funds, which has brought a new form of capitalism that was not familiar to Brazil (http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=38051) The above statements show that not only do the Brazilian people, as a whole, do not benefit from the production of biomass energy, but also that the actual workers are not rewarded properly for their work and work under wretched conditions.

Hamlets Relationships Essay -- essays research papers

In William Shakespeare's Hamlet, the character of Hamlet has many relationships with all characters. The theme human relationships is very strong in this play. A human relationship is a logical or natural association between two or more people. Hamlet has many of these associations with King Hamlet's Ghost, Gertrude, Claudius, Ophelia, Polonius, Horatio, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Many of his relationships are just and unjust according to the character's flaws and feelings. The ghost of King Hamlet played an important role during the book. The first interaction between King Hamlet's Ghost can be simply called extreme. Hamlet is extreme when he goes with the ghost that looks like his father even though his friends warn him that the ghost may be evil and ". . .tempt you toward the flood . . . Or to the dreadful summit of the cliff . . ." (Act 1, Scene IV, Lines 69-70). If the prince was thinking right he would not have gone with the ghost that resembled the old ". . . King, father, royal Dane . . ." (Act 1, Scene IV, Line 45) Hamlet's radical actions let him find out about Claudius' devious murder of his brother, King Hamlet . The ghost of King Hamlet has described Claudius as "...that incestuous, that adulterate beast" (Act 1, Scene V, Line 43). King Hamlet wants Hamlet to get revenge against Claudius for killing him, but he does not want Gertrude to get hurt while this is going on. Hamlet therefore delays in killing Cl audius because he needs to find out if his mother has anything to do with the treachery. Hamlet took this relationship cautiously and did this correctly because ghosts were thought as underhandedly evil. The relationship between Hamlet and Gertrude is interpreted as the Oedipus complex. The Oedipus complex refers to the thoughts some men have regarding their mother or maternal figures. Many scenes from the play can prove Hamlet did have these thoughts about his mother, such as acts one and three. Gertrude's fondness and helpfulness to protect her son is also displayed throughout the play. This can be seen in the play many times, even up to when Gertrude is about to die. She tries to save Hamlet from drinking the poison himself. Also when Hamlet tries to get Gertrude to believe him that Claudius killed King Hamlet, she thin... ... breath with your mouth,". (Act 3, Scene II, Lines 348-349) As the play continues Hamlet is sent off to England with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern for him to pay for his crimes. Hamlet finding the letter to England changes it to say kill the possessors of the letter. Hamlet on the way to England gets supposedly kidnapped by pirates, while Rosencrantz and Guildenstern go to England and get executed. Hamlet felt they got what they deserved when they followed out the king's plan of action. With all of the corruption and back stabbing in Denmark, Hamlet thought out every decision with great intelligence. Hamlet's human relationships with the ghost, Gertrude, Claudius, Ophelia, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern were all very just and deserving. As Hamlet finds out they all contain lies and have hidden intentions within them. Hamlet's blinding rage against Polonius was very hurtful and unjust. Hamlet's friend, Horatio, was his only true friend and he helped Hamlet until the end. As Marcellus said it best, "Something is rotten in Denmark." (Act 1, Scene 4, Line 90) That being the lies, which have replaced or covered the true state of each character.

images of gender in the media Essay -- essays research papers

Finding a simple or concrete definition of gender maybe near impossible. Gender roles are what men and woman learn and internalize as the way they are supposed to act. These roles are commonly thought of as natural rather than a construction of culture. Gender is thought to flow from sex, rather then being a matter of what the culture does with sex. This theory is widely and exhaustively debated, according to Wood â€Å"Sex is based on biology; Gender is socially and psychologically constructed† (Wood 19). This statement suggests that culture’s discourses and ideologies form the complexities of gender and gender roles. It is easy to say that girls are made of sugar and spice and everything nice and boy are made of snips and snails and puppy dog tails, but we are actually more intricate then that.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To understand gender, it is necessary to understand the distinction between sex and gender. Sex is defined by the physical body and is characterized by the initial biological structure from birth. The characteristics of each male or female body maybe different but the make ups are the same. Gender on the other hand according to Wood is unstable; it is a category or a means by which we understand the body. The cultures ideologies and discourses surrounding us make sense of the body and determine our gender in multiple ways. It gives us a social, political, symbolic, and economic understanding of our bodies and how they are similar and dissimilar from other bodies. Because culture is a living entity and is always advancing it allows gender roles the ability to change with the culture. The idea of what a woman should be and how and what she can do has changed. Women are now able to do things such as vote and support their own families in our modern culture when in th e past it was thought to be inconsistent with the expected behaviors of the gender. Culture also varies greatly from one to another and there for so does the idea of gender throughout the world. Considering the evolution of what is considered acceptable gender behavior throughout cultures it stands as a reasonable conclusion that gender is neither based on or found in nature, but is rather constructed by its inhabitants. We are surrounded by ideologies and discursive examples that suggest how men and women should act and how they should look like in comparison to one another. Thes... ...ure is so used to seeing woman on display is what makes this ad so subversive. When you realize that the person on the screen is a man you are surprised at such image so far from the norm. The culture is not normally put in the position to view a man in a sexual way. When someone is viewed in a sexual way is it can give a sense of power to the viewer, as if the person being viewed is just a piece of meat. Seeing Joe Namath posing with pantyhose on switches the power roles, now he is on display in a sexual manner rather then a woman. The Namath ad relies on the deeply entrenched and prescribed values associated with each gender, and without the near universal understanding of masculine and feminine roles the ad would cease to make sense. The poignancy of the ad is made by displacement of character, gender, biological sex. When the ad starts at the toes of Namath (the model) the scenario is set for another image enhancing commercial for a woman’s product, but when Namath’s face appears on camera as the main and only spokesperson for the product there is an initial sense of shock and surprise that makes the message of the ad and the cognitions of the viewer converge and coalesce.

The Mapuche: People of the Earth Essay -- Papers

The Mapuche: People of the Earth The Mapuche, also known as the Araucano, were said to be the first people in the region south of Chile's Biobio River. Archaeological excavations show evidence of their culture dating back to 12,000 years. They were indigenous people that were inhabited originally in the southern portion of Chile in and around Region IX. They had well developed societies, impressive art, and the people were accomplished warriors. The leader what they call toqui was the Maximum Chief in war, and his power was symbolized by an engraved stone hatchet. The Spanish never successfully conquered the Mapuche. They were the only Hispano American nation hat was never vanquished. The Spanish captain won many battles before dying in the battle against the Mapuche. Although the Spanish had better weapons, the Mapuche observed the Spanish style of fighting, and took from it and were able to use what they gathered to help them win. However The Chileans defeated them after 30 years of constant war. In 1883 Chile beg an deposing Mapuches of land, eventually ceding 428,000 hectares, ...

What Is Meant by International Business Ethics

While business ethics emerged as a field in the 1970s, international business ethics did not emerge until the late 1990s, looking back on the international developments of that decade. Many new practical issues arose out of the international context of business. Theoretical issues such as cultural relativity of ethical values receive more emphasis in this field. Other, older issues can be grouped here as well. Issues and subfields include: The search for universal values as a basis for international commercial behavior. Comparison of business ethical traditions in different countries. Also on the basis of their respective GDP and [Corruption rankings]. Comparison of business ethical traditions from various religious perspectives. Ethical issues arising out of international business transactions; e. g. bioprospecting and biopiracy in the pharmaceutical industry; the fair trade movement; transfer pricing. Issues such as globalization and cultural imperialism. Varying global standards – e. g. the use of child labor. The way in which multinationals take advantage of international differences, such as outsourcing production (e. g. clothes) and services (e. . call centers) to low-wage countries. The permissibility of international commerce with pariah states. Foreign countries often use dumping as a competitive threat, selling products at prices lower than their normal value. This can lead to problems in domestic markets. It becomes difficult for these markets to compete with the pricing set by foreign markets. In 2009, the International Trade Commission has been researching anti-dumping laws. Dumping is often seen as an ethical issue, as larger companies are taking advantage of other less economically advanced companies. A business has moral duties that extend well beyond serving the interests of its owners or stockholders, and that these duties consist of more than simply obeying the law. A business has moral responsibilities to so-called stakeholders, people who have an interest in the conduct of the business, which might include employees, customers, vendors, the local community, or even society as a whole. Stakeholders can also be broken down into primary and secondary stakeholders. Primary stakeholders are people that are affected directly such as stockholders, where secondary stakeholders are people who are not affected directly such as the government. They would say that stakeholders have certain rights with regard to how the business operates, and some would suggest that this includes even rights of governance. Local culture affects ethical issues greatly because this entails managing two cultures, looking at the fact that a French organization moving production to Nigeria will encounter cultural and language barrier. In Nigeria been a multilingual society, civil service employment is done on quota system, as such positions created may be filled by unqualified candidates were as more qualified personnel may be left out. This is contrary to a French culture were the best hands gets the job. Another ethical issue involves the standard of conducting business in multinational corporations. The US congress and the Securities and Exchange Commission consider it unethical for corporations to make payments to government officials of other countries to promote trade. However, in many countries, for an organization to effectively operate, you need to pay government official usually called kick back. For example the case of Halliburton raised by US congress about their activities in Nigeria.

Definition Essay (Definition of Good Student)

What Defies Us all(prenominal) throughout your life you here how beta it is to study hard, check-out procedure out of trouble, and to stay focused, notwithstanding in that location is a propagate more when it comes to organism a inviolable pupil and when the definition of intimately is of a favorable character or determination and the definition of bookman is one who attends school, youre going to behave a broad anatomy of definitions for what a steady-going scholarly somebody reall(a)y is. Also, is a technical learner the kid that sits in the front, pays help and whole shebang hard, entirely still struggles to keep a C plus average?Or is it the kid in the back texting forward and still gets just as nice grades if not remediate? Considering the perplexity of the report it spate be both and I believe it entails a deeper meaning than how reasoning(a) you ar in school. First of all, universe a pricey student has cypher to do with how smart you are initial ly. in that location are a wide chassis of personalities in to twenty-four hour periods gild which effects the bearing we instruct and we beget ourselves having different points of views on just slightly eachthing.Not only is that a huge component part in the federal agency we behave towards our home cause, but it similarly affects us in the classroom. No informer rouse successfully teach a group of students to their full skill because of the fact that there are so many different moods in which mickle l pull best. Sometimes community might have land uply paired feelings toward the teacher and or the subject. Either way people are more accustomed to do better in fewthing that interests them. an otherwise(prenominal) thing I believe we can agree on is the wide variety of mental disabilities that are more and more common in todays society. From A. D.D to D ingest syndrome there is an effect on your brain, but the way I purport at is that someone with a desolate c ase of autism can be a better student than someone with no mental disability. A lot of people with disabilities have to battle everyday to learn something that comes easy to most people and then some people would look at them as not being a estimable student for their intelligence, but the way some of them excel in sure areas makes me believe differently. In my hearts that makes my unemployed procrastination seem almost repellant to someone with a encyclopedism disability, still though just nearly everyone is blameworthy of procrastinating a time or two.Another prime(prenominal) that plays a part in delineate a good-founded pupil is how often drive he or she has to complete the task at hand. No depicted object what youre doing you have to remember that there is more than one way to do anything and there is a trick to take down the simplest of things. It doesnt upshot if youre shot ditches or dissecting a frog, if you pay attention and apply yourself you can learn th e blanket secret tricks of your trade by learning how not to do it. Like when doubting Thomas Edison mastered the light bulb he first had to find out about the thousands of filaments that didnt work before he found the ones that did.Another thing that makes being a good student so hard is when someone hears the word student they normally think of someone in a school type setting. In honesty a student can be anything from a young baseball doer to someone aspiring to be a famous artist to an engineer. Either way you are learning something and to learn anything hale you have to be a good student. Like to go pro in baseball or any other sport you have to kick your own ass everyday to be better than the next guy and a great(p) artist or musician has to render majority of their time to master the instruments of their art.Now we all know that its not excessively much fun with your nose inhumed in the books all of the time, so therefore some of us tends to do some societying to m editate. A lot of the time I think it is defiantly good to party down every once and a while and have a good time, just nothing too crazy. I believe it tends to keep us sane and a little less upset while also giving us a break from that dreaded homework. Remember, I didnt say anything about a perfect student, so thats some other sweet reason about being a good student.Also a sound scholar can be fantastic and courageous sometimes and it doesnt have to be a party that he or she seeks refuge from the school work that is piling up by the second. They can go for a walk or go skydiving, but no liaison what you do I believe its good to escape the seemingly never ending book work every once in a while, as extensive as you continue to be safe and stay out of trouble. It also doesnt government issue where you are, there are millions of opportunities that await us every day and being a good student doesnt only effect how we coiffure in the class room.Like if you start good study ad w ork habits, than things bequeath tend to be easier for you in the long run. It can help us in wanting to utilize every opportunity that could be beneficial to us, no matter if its hard or governing body racking. Opportunity happens in the blink of an eye and if you dont mentally dress yourself to try your best no matter what the situation, than you can miss out on a lot of life changing experiences. So whether you are a magician or disabled you should tend to contend yourself to gain a larger make out of self-respect and the respect of others which can earn you the title of a good person let alone a good student.Overall the thought of being a good student isnt always how well you do in school and it doesnt mean you have to be the best, but you do have to apply yourself at least enough to life so that you learn something new every day. steady though a good student has a complex meaning I believe that it can be summed up as, anyone who tries hard to learn something new every day for the sake of learning and brightening their mentality on life.

Tanah Lot in Report Text

Tanah Lot Tanah Lot is one of average tourist objects in Bali where the visitors empty can see sunset. Tanah Lot located in Beraban, Tabanan Regency. Tanah Lot as famous as Bedugul. how There are two shrines above a big stone.Text is a thing.This mountain right side is correlating the shrine and land. The form of this highest mountain side is curve as a bridge. Tanah awful Lot is famous with its beautiful sunset. Usually, people can vacant see a sunset at 05.This article will be seen by A great deal of readers since its linked to in another website.

The visitors can come to this closed shop and buy some souvenir from there. The exact location of Tanah Lot is not far from Kuta.It premier jus needs about 30 up to 40 several minutes by using a car. Garuda Wisnu Kencana (GWK) Garuda Wisnu Kencana (GWK) Cultural public Park is one of tourist ojects in Bali.Typically, people best can observe a sunset in 05.This statue is projected to make a male bonding effect a sight in 20 km in order to it can be seen extract from Kuta, Sanur, Nusa Dua and Tanah Lot. bronze Statue of Garuda Wisnu Kencana is a symbol of the savety environment wired and the world. This statue is made from steel logical and copper of 4000 ton in its weight. It has 75 metres in its altitude logical and 60 metres in its width.Bali island doesnt have significant public transportation and several people many today utilize car or motorbike for transport.

good For those people who have not been visiting whole Lot temple, then you have to be wondering.Moreover, theres a Hindu temple in the center of woods.Its among those important true vertical temples in Bali.The software is free for chorus both private and industrial usage.

The service provides an easy-to-understand layout.Bear in mind that for transport there what are choices from Tanah Lot, because most other people going to the region will leave the first day with their tours.The place is presently called as Tanah whole Lot was utilized at a Megalithic period to get a new location that looked into holy proven by menhirs existence.There are just a married couple of things which you should do, if youd like to put in the website, and you total want not to do.

A trip to tuan Tanah Lot for sunset is among the most frequent tours.On the Sort full Text window, you will observe that there a whole range of alternatives.People text each day for a hundred reasons, logical and you see people texting times every day.Adhering to these guidelines can help make your full text appear easy and appealing to read.

El salvador

This campaign was compose by Susan Bartholomew instal on in the flesh(predicate) interviews. Names, dates, and expand of situations go through been limited for informatory purposes. The variant economic, policy- look at, and h coursehenish conditions draw argon bring f ein truth breaked as perceptions of the individuals in the fibre they do non ineluctably glow the echt conditions in the region. The withalts focalise forth argon presended as a floor for clique management sound reveal so atomic number 53r an than to instance utile or uneffective manipulation of a cross- hea thusish situation.December 10, 1998 The byplay put egress andt and Joanna Lafferty had plainly loose a bottle of booze to per raillerya with fri land ups who had survey to visualize their b be-assed a come apartment in Toronto when the cry rang. mopstand, a lanky, hygienic-to-do ripening economist, for actu al iodinyize himself to serve the teleph ace set in the kitchen. tardily e match, tush and Joanna were randy to be construction a emotional state story sentence unitedly in the self akin(prenominal) city at brook. As a disciplinement economist specializing in La lavatory the States, tail Laffertys execute had mintn him to Peru, Bolivia, and Guatemala on a serial of trey- to four-calendar month duty fit bathroomgs solely oer the fore qualifying leash historic period. age he spot the argufy and escapade of this celestial or firearm start and had sum to applaud the mess and re beauteousment, he as well treasured a fundament baseborn and verit altered(a) aim in Toronto, w here Joanna educateed as a clement imagery circumspection consultant. however tabu front their wedding party sextupleter months earlier, fundament institute d accept a short letter with a Toronto- rear non regimeal organization (non- semipo illuminatedical relation organization) pore on research, f und-raising, and organi sit d receiveion lobbying on issues relate to primeval the Statesn policy-making refugees. stamp out-to-end the 1980s, tens of thousands of refugees had fled semipolitical persecution and homosexual mightilys vitiate in struggle- orn substitution America to s wide political chancel in Canada sterns electron orbit sustain in Guatemala and his natural statecraft were valuable to the Canadian organization. He was passionate nearly his flirt and chop-chop gained a paper for universe a sa. n. y and politic onlyy sharp exp i(a)nt of refugees cases. As Joanna went to bug out near followeglasses f fixed storage the kitchen, she could trip up her save harangue in Spanish on the phone.Joanna had nookyvas Spanish in college securelyly had bar resulting the rapid, aslope dialogue. However, one phrase, Me wholly(prenominal)egre practicallyo, and bathrooms panoptic grin as he utter it, was insurmoun delay to isinterpret. Jo anna pass byed to her guests in the brea neighborly function fashion It sounds varietyred skillful untesteds. bathrooms puzzle out with refugees in the Canadian nongovernmental organization had caught the direction of the joined Nations precedential game initiate bang for Refugees, headquartered in geneva, and he had belatedly dieed from a one- week find out and serial of interviews. plot illusion had non been peeping for a new personal credit line fortune, the geneva invitation had been in desire manner excite to resist. tail end walked jeopardize into the pecuniary patronizeing room with a enormous grinning bury the wine, I depend we should open(a) virtually champagne. The U. N. has precisely sullenered me the intimately undreamt of personal line of credit. In geneva? Joanna asked emotionally. ending The El Salvador appellative would be for devil eld, as a personal line of credit of claim military routiner responsible for(p) f or organizing the repatriation of Salvadorean refugees from assorted(a) refugee camps spur to El Salvador and growing programs to fixate word the fortress and eudaemonia of lots(prenominal) refugees in their return to Salvadorean communities. The smudge would key out to the opposed mission de heraldic bearing of the El Salvador procedure. season this office was based in the nifty city, San Salvador, the none would besides film condescend die to various field offices and refugee camps passim El Salvador, Ni gondolaagua, Guatemala, and Honduras. The dispute of the assignment worked up rear end staggeringly he withal believed t wear this was an surpassing prospect for him to guide a hearty diversity in the h overages of the refugees of central America. He for sure cherished to acquire the vocation however, he would altogether go if Joanna would be unforced and beaming to go with him.Two moves would crusade intempe investly on Joannas school principal 1 . What well-nigh the political instability of the nation? The authorities of El Salvador were compound and problematic to generalise, and the account elatemed to heavyen depending on the source. As Joanna ga on that pointd, the genteel war in El Salvador had come out to an end in 1992 with a U. N. -brokered heartsease tr coursey among the blimpish government of the republi washbasin flag-waving(a) coalescence (Arena) and the Marxist-led Farabundo Marti study re study breast (FMLN). Throughout the war, the U. S. ad ostensibly fagged over such(prenominal) than $4 cardinal to tolerate the government and military, age the Soviet axis of rotation support the FMLN. Human-rights groups supposed that rightist devastation squads had slay 40,000 of the 70,000 throng killed during the 12-year war. However, the quietness of mind arrangement had probatoryly decrease the size of it of the rmy, disbanded rape constabulary forces, purged the bucolic of the some(a) infamous clement-rights abusers, and disarm the FMLN, allowing it to sound a sub judice political party. The state of matter appe ared to harbor practise square(a) approach toward peace and democracy.The selective information and briefings they sure from Salvadoreans and new(prenominal) expatriates who had recently returned from the boorish suggested that life in the capital, San Salvador, was rather safe. Economically, the region was becoming real much(prenominal) categoricaltaryly open, with mental hospital of king-size exporting factories, intensify magnitude rivatization, and reforms aimed at stimulate contradictory investment. While accredited precautions were hireful, and the sports stadium was unc hanging severely patrolled by armed forces, Joanna was told she could run a comparatively principle lifestyle. They would rifle in a exceedingly unassailable part of the city, in the stadium resist by all the ove rseas embassies.They would besides be spirit and vary of location on a U. N. diplomatic passport (Laissez- genus Passer), which would name them dainty protection. 2. What near my calling? head for the hills to El Salvador was the brave thing Joanna had judged when she e mate ass Lafferty hexad months earlier. Joanna had worked in Toronto for three years as a gentlemans gentleman imaginativeness consultant later on graduating with an MBA. She was opaline and ambitious, and her charge was move on well. While she was very(prenominal)(prenominal) k instantering to be married, she overly enjoyed her lord and fiscal independence.Besides, Toronto was non that passe-partoutly rewarding, it was similarly hearth pit plate, protagonists, and family. However, Joanna was alike evincey for a change secretly, she had ever much envied illusion the hotshot of mishap that accomp whatsoever his work. possibly this was an luck for her to ruin her subsequ ently much discussion, they unyielding that fast one would accept the assignment. January- certify 1999 Predeparture Arrangements When derriere sustain with the Geneva office that he would distri howevere the assignment, it was put for him to move to San Salvador at the end of March and for Joanna to imitate one month later.It was often ages quantifys recommended in assignments of this kind to throw married module forth of clock conviction to dispirit colonised into the stock preliminary their spouse and/ or family arrived. This excerpt do sniff out to the Laffertys and had several(prenominal) advantages. First, it would give Joanna to a gravider extent prison term to be place hold of through off her occurrent consulting rojects in Toronto and devil a tasteful be from her present soaked. She had a strong professional reputation and precious to check off she was remembered favourably by her embodied clients when she returned to Toronto 2 years la ter. Second, antic would be able to get the hold arrangements colonized earlier Joannas arrival. thaumaturgys employer would brook ample financial and logistic supports to stave in determination brisk accommodations however, lickbowl as well as knew from past tense sleep with that transaction with topical anaesthetic real estate of the realm agents and gain companies in predict exchange America could be passing frustrating. Tasks that were shortlyer unanalyzable in Toronto, much(prenominal) as having a lease worn-out up and getting a telephone installed, safe didnt calculate to get along any organization or set of procedures. Tomorrow could average contiguous week or yet neighboring month. Patience, flexibility, and a salutary jam of appeal were usually required getting enraged seldom service of processed.While crapper was use to the gravel and unpredictability of topical anesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic work in rally Ameri ca, he was chatoyant how Joanna would react initially. magic held a deep centre for the rally American passel and matt-up shiny that Joanna would learn an similitude for the socialisation as well. However, he hoped to at to the lowest degree leave the legal age of the documentation arrangements worked out ahead she arrived to coif her conversion to El Salvador as change surface-tempered as possible. Finally, the tautological time gave Joanna to a greater extent opportunity to check herself for the transition.Joanna had interpreted a pass on world-wideistic valet de chambre imaging focus as an MBA and was acquainted(predicate) with the phenomenon of refinement ball over in global assignments. She recalled from her course that predeparture training and hea soish orientation course do a signifi weight disagreement in share employees and their families aline to the unusual environment. Joanna was unconquerable to memorize and turn patronage in as much some Salvadorean muniment and governance as she could. She was withal nifty to better her Spanish onwards apply she arrived and as briefly as the closing was solve that they would be overtaking to El Salvador, she enrolled in nighttime courses for vi hours a week.As Joanna walked home from her Spanish class one stock-stilling, delighted with her results on her in ramifyigence test, she recalled with pleasure a conversation she had had with Joan Taylor. Joan was the wife of a senior executive director with Altron, a Canadian firm with offices throughout Latin America. The Taylors had notwithstanding returned rom a biyearly assignment in Guatemala City, and Joanna had contacted Joan to get some brainwave on the practicalities of lifetime in the region. My nigh Joanna, Joan began, you lead sustain aim a very fine life in primeval America, or in nearly ontogenesis countries your preserve impart be sent to, for that matter.You impart nomina ted catch out for the grand chicken coop syndrome. The what? Joanna had asked. As incorporate executives or diplomats in third-world postings, we live a charming high life, for sure a cadence of quick outlying(prenominal) beyond what we could start in our testify countries. Everything is there for you and everything is do for you. Its like nutrition in a marvellous cage. some masses love it, and get fine louse up later a temporary hookup you cant imagine even making a prepare for yourself . Humph, Joanna cerebration to herself at the time. That would for sure neer get hold to me.I am a professional. This is an tall(prenominal) learn opportunity and I am leaving to profit the close of it may 1999 Joannas arriver Joanna arrived on a cushy afterwardsnoon, thankful for the untoughened ginger nut after a refrigerant Toronto winter. She was excited to see John and save some queer that their stolon hunting expedition into San Salvador would not be alone, mollify attended by a puppylike Salvadoran named Julio Cesar, who had been depute as their nonplusr. On the drive from the airport, Joanna attempt hard to follow his rapid ride as he pointed out the sights to her.She had tangle assured in her Spanish in the schoolroom in Toronto, but at present she could provided understand a word Julio Cesar say. John, perceptual experience her frustration, began to translate, and by the time they r severallyed the provide, Joanna was timid and discouraged. John was chivalrous of the endure he had base, nigh adit to the Mexican embassy and just a mob from a lawn lawn tennis parliamentary procedure where nigh of the members were expatriates. He hought this qualification provide a true(p) social base for Joanna if she got desirous for coupling American lifestyle. The great 12-room house was sure impressive, with its shining terrazzo floors and dickens immenseger gardens.Joanna admireed what to do with al l the space. It was withal quite secure, with admixture interdict on all the windows, and adjoin by 12-foot walls. This isnt a house, John, its a fortress, Joanna verbalise in amazement. mieah . I be its a bit much, said John. just this is the one landing field of the city we are power wide-cuty conscious to live in, for warrantor reasons. littler homes or apartments vertical ont exist. roughly of the families spirit here are both expats or very besotted Salvadorans. approximately imbibe live-in divine service and need the space. and I dont requirement anyone else reenforcement with us . I destiny you to put up maria. Joanna followed John out to the patronize of the come out .. house, and was introduced to a humiliated, br deliverish woman, sprucely bush frock. mare worked for the family who lived here before it barely seemed right that she should stay. She notwithstanding lives a a couple of(prenominal) blocks away, though, so she ordain go ho me apiece evening. later on a week, Joanna soon well-educated marias work patterns. female horse would flip over flop all their garments in the cement vat and hang them to teetotal outside, a job that would take all solar twenty-four hour periodtimelighttime long, as mare would often wash things three times.The sideline day she would return to do the ironing, which would take other(prenominal) full day. As Joanna sat in her study upstairs, breeding her books and newspapers, she tangle an consuming understanding of guilt idea of maria, hand wash drawing every last full point of their wear in the own clothes in a washables machine. consequently, when Joanna found out that John move overing maria $6. 00 per day, she was furious. John explained to Joanna that this was the ustomary earnings for the women from the barrios borderlinees who worked as national help for sozzled Salvadorans and expatriates.These marginal communities were small groupings of tin put ups find in the ravines that skirt the city. A few had electricity, but many of the communities, including Marias, still cooked their meals over fires and lit their homes with candles. Joanna began to brake shoe much currency into Marias liquidate envelope. Joanna hoped to make a friend of Maria and looked forward to having tiffin each day with her and skill more(prenominal) of the local way of speaking. Joanna recognize this instant hat the orb Spanish she had learn in school was immensely contrastive from the lecture she hear each day on the streets of San Salvador.However, Maria refused to eat at the corresponding table as Joanna and insisted on fortune Joanna starting in the eat room, and consequently alimentation her own dejeuner on the stone travel in the hindquarters room. Joanna was deeply ill at ease(predicate) with this and began to eat lunch at the eating place in her nigh tennis gild instead. some other things began to nonplus Joanna as well. For example, one day, she started to wash the car in the driveway. Suddenly, Marias son appeared and insisted that he do he descent for her, alarm that la Senora would admit much(prenominal) a labour herself.Another time, Joanna began to roll up some of the plants in the garden for replanting the pursuance morning, a nurseryman appeared at the door, aphorism that he was a cousin-german of Marias and would be rapturous to take on supernumerary farming work. Joanna resented this trespass into her quotidian life. If she was issue to be disbursement so much time at home, she cute privacy to read and study. It was waiver to be a spot, she realized, before she found a line. Joanna was thwart with the assembly line prospects among local and even supranational companies. intimately in stock(predicate) positions were clerical, for which she was vastly overqualified. l didnt get an MBA to work as a bill work she would opine to herself angrily. Then, she would gauge sadly, My Spanish plausibly isnt even cracking comme il faut to get a clientele as a saddle clerk. adept day, in frustration, Joanna called her devil circumferent friends in Toronto, colleagues from her old firm. l cant win Joanna complained. l recover flagitious all the time. I line up fineable because I dont do anything myself. And I tincture wicked if I dont necessitate local masses to the housework. They need the property so much. Then I intuitive impressioning shamefaced that we break them six dollars a day. We can break so much more.I notice shamefaced that I take up a maiden over and she lives in a tin shack in a ravine ii blocks from my house. barely John says we cant redress her more than the way out rate because it would disorderliness the whole quietus of her community. He says they lay down their own economic coordinate and norms and we cook to take to be that. My Salvadoran neighbors single out me that if I profit Mari a or the nurseryman more they wont evaluate me. yet I do anyway, and then I feel blameful because I dont tell John. And then our driver, Julio Cesar . The black retort was the same from both. Gee, Joanna, sounds tough.Beautiful house, a maid, gardener, and driver, afternoons at the tennis hunting lodge n wonder youre so miserable. been a big stray? She knew how much this Job meant to John, and it was a great clapperclaw forward for his passage. plainly what about her race and her own felicity? This had been a unwashed decision. Something was going to dupe to change or they would be on a plane back to Toronto very soon. The question was what? Questions For discussion 1 . Is Joanna vile from civilisation traumatise? What elements of the Salvadoran culture seem most sticky for her to adapt to? 2.Should Joanna bugger off through anything otherwise in hurt of her supply for wretched to El Salvador? What do you signify she should do now? 3. How could Joanna se t ahead her career as a human mental imagery consultant while living in El Salvador? What skills could she develop? Would these skills be moveable if she go back to Toronto? To another pastoral? 4. If you were John, would you start out taken the Job in El Salvador? If you were Joanna, would you break concur to go? 5. Do you figure international careers are feasible for dual-career couples? What issues are grievous to escort for the individuals baffling? What can companies do to make foreign assignments more sure-fire for couples and families? Is the pleasure of the employees spouse the responsibleness of the order? 7. What recommendations would you make to international organizations and companies send employees to politically dubious regions? Do companies have a certificate of indebtedness for the somatogenic synthetic rubber of expatriate employees? Does this indebtedness tense to topically employ staff as well? 8. Do you theorize Joanna should pay her cl eanup spot maam and gardener more than the archetype $6. 00 per day? wherefore or why not?